The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement initiated by Martin Luther in 16th-century Europe that sought to reform Christianity. It challenged various teachings and practices of the Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of new Christian denominations.
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He was a German theologian and key figure in the Protestant Reformation. Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, which criticized the sale of indulgences, sparked widespread debate and led to the formation of new Christian denominations.
John Calvin: A French theologian who played a significant role in shaping Protestantism. His teachings emphasized predestination and the idea that salvation is granted by God's grace alone.
This term refers to the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, aiming to address some of the criticisms raised by reformers and reaffirm its authority.