AP World History AMSCO Guided Notes
7.8: Mass Atrocities
AP World History Guided Notes
AMSCO 7.8 - Mass Atrocities
Essential Questions
- What were the causes and consequences of mass atrocities from 1900 to the present?
I. Atrocities in Europe and the Middle East
1. What were the military and civilian casualty figures in World War I, and how did this war differ from previous conflicts?
A. Armenian Genocide
1. What is genocide and what were the Ottoman government's justifications for deporting Armenians?
2. How many Armenians died during the deportations, and what methods did the Ottoman government use to kill them?
3. Why do Armenians and the Turkish government disagree about whether the deaths constituted genocide?
II. Pandemic Disease
1. How did the return of soldiers after World War I contribute to the spread of influenza into a global pandemic?
2. What does the global spread of the 1918 influenza pandemic reveal about the relationship between nationalism and global interconnectedness?
III. Suffering and Famine
A. Famine in the Ukraine
1. Why did Soviet peasants resist Stalin's collectivization of agriculture, and what were the consequences?
2. How did the Ukrainian famines of 1932-1933 reflect the Soviet government's priorities regarding agriculture and industry?
IV. Casualties of World War II
1. What were the estimated total deaths in World War II, and how did civilian casualties compare to military casualties?
A. The Nazis
1. What groups did the Nazis target for persecution and removal, and what was the Nuremberg Laws' purpose?
2. What was the 'Final Solution' and how did Nazi methods of killing Jews evolve during the Holocaust?
3. How did the Nazis use technology to make their genocide more efficient, and how many people did they kill in total?
B. The Japanese
1. What was the 'Rape of Nanking' and what were the death tolls from Japanese military actions?
2. How did Japan's 'Asia for Asiatics' program affect conquered peoples, and what was the 'comfort women' system?
C. The Allies
1. What were the consequences of Allied firebombing campaigns on German and Japanese cities?
2. How did the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki differ from previous weapons, and what technological developments made them possible?
V. Genocide and Human Rights
1. Why did the international community pledge 'never again' to genocide after World War II, and did this commitment prevent future atrocities?
A. Bosnia
1. How did the collapse of Yugoslavia lead to ethnic conflict, and what role did Slobodan Miloลกeviฤ play?
2. What was ethnic cleansing in Bosnia, and what atrocities did Serb forces commit against Muslim populations?
B. Rwanda
1. How did Belgian colonial policies create ethnic tensions between Hutus and Tutsis that persisted after independence?
2. What event triggered the 1994 Rwandan genocide, and how many people were killed in the three-month period?
3. How did the international community fail to prevent or stop the Rwandan genocide?
C. Sudan
1. What conflict in Darfur led to genocide, and who were the Janjaweed?
2. How many people were killed or displaced in the Darfur genocide, and what international responses occurred?
Key Terms
Armistice Day
Hamburg
Dresden
Tokyo
genocide
Final Solution
Holocaust
Asia for Asiatics
ethnic cleansing
balkanization
International Criminal Court
Bosnia
Rwanda
Darfur
Heinrich Himmler
Slobodan Miloลกeviฤ
Omar al-Bashir
Lost Generation
Armenians
Tutsis
Hutus
firebombing
influenza epidemic
pandemic
Nuremberg Laws
ghettos
Janjaweed