AP World History AMSCO Guided Notes
6.2: State Expansion
AP World History Guided Notes
AMSCO 6.2 - State Expansion
Essential Questions
- By what processes did state power shift in various parts of the world between 1750 and 1900?
I. Imperialism in Africa
1. What goods did Europeans trade with Africa after ending the slave trade, and what African resources did they seek?
A. Expanding Beyond Trading Posts
1. What technological and medical advances allowed Europeans to expand beyond coastal trading posts into Africa's interior?
2. What exceptions existed to European restriction to trading posts in early 19th-century Africa?
B. British Control of Egypt
1. Why did Europeans want to build the Suez Canal and what was the human cost of its construction?
2. What circumstances led Britain to seize control of Egypt in 1882?
C. British West Africa
1. What were the purposes of the British colonies of Sierra Leone, Gambia, Lagos, and the Gold Coast?
2. How did British expansion in West Africa combine diplomacy and warfare, and why did diplomatic treaties eventually fail?
D. The French in Africa
1. How did French imperialism in Africa differ from British imperialism in terms of settlement patterns and timing?
II. The European Scramble for Africa
1. What was the Scramble for Africa and what concerns did it raise among European leaders?
A. Berlin Conference
1. What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference and what were its major outcomes?
2. How did the artificial borders created at the Berlin Conference affect African societies after independence?
B. South Africa and the Boer Wars
1. Who were the Afrikaners and what conflicts did they face in South Africa during the 19th century?
2. What were the Boer Wars and what were the consequences for Afrikaners and black Africans?
3. How did conditions in British concentration camps differ between white and black internees?
C. Congo
1. How did King Leopold II's control of the Congo differ from other European colonial arrangements?
2. What methods did Leopold's agents use to exploit Congolese workers and what were the human costs?
D. Independent Countries
1. Which African countries remained independent by 1900 and why did they escape European colonization?
III. Imperialism in South Asia
1. How did Portugal, France, and England compete for control of India, and which nation ultimately dominated?
2. What role did the East India Company play in British expansion across the Indian subcontinent?
3. Who were sepoys and what significance did they have in British colonial India?
IV. Imperialism in East Asia
1. How did European imperialism in China differ from imperialism in South Asia or Africa?
A. China
1. What were spheres of influence and how did European nations use them to dominate China economically?
2. What internal problems weakened the Qing government and made it vulnerable to foreign domination?
3. What was the Taiping Rebellion and what were its causes and consequences?
4. What was the Boxer Rebellion and what were its outcomes for China's sovereignty?
B. Japan
1. How did Commodore Matthew Perry's arrival in 1853 change Japan's relationship with the outside world?
2. What was the Meiji Restoration and how did it lead to Japanese imperial expansion?
3. What territories did Japan acquire as part of its empire in East Asia?
V. Imperialism in Southeast Asia
1. How did European control of Southeast Asia shift from Portugal and Spain to England and the Dutch?
A. The Dutch in Southeast Asia
1. How did the Dutch East India Company establish control of the Spice Islands and what happened to the company?
2. What agricultural changes did the Dutch implement in the East Indies and what were the consequences for Indonesian farmers?
B. The French in Southeast Asia
1. How did France acquire control of Indochina and what economic activities did it pursue there?
C. The British in Southeast Asia
1. What territories did Britain control in Southeast Asia and what resources attracted British investment?
2. How did Singapore become the most important seaport in Southeast Asia?
D. Siam
1. How did Siam manage to remain independent while surrounding nations fell under European control?
VI. Australia and New Zealand
1. Why did Britain establish a penal colony in Australia and what economic activities later drove growth?
2. What was the Treaty of Waitangi and how did European settlement affect the Maori people of New Zealand?
VII. U.S. Imperialism in Latin America and the Pacific
1. What was the Trail of Tears and what does it reveal about U.S. treatment of Native Americans?
A. Expansion on Land
1. What was Manifest Destiny and how did it justify U.S. territorial expansion westward?
2. What role did the Monroe Doctrine play in U.S. imperial ambitions?
3. How did the completion of the transcontinental railway affect westward expansion and Native Americans?
B. Expansion Overseas
1. What factors motivated the United States to pursue overseas territorial expansion in the late 19th century?
2. What territories did the United States acquire through the Spanish-American War and the annexation of Hawaii?
3. What was the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and how did it justify U.S. intervention in Latin America?
VIII. Comparing Three Types of Imperialism
1. What were the defining features and outcomes of state-run colonies?
2. How did settler colonies differ from state-run colonies in their approach and consequences?
3. What characterized economic domination as a form of imperialism and what problems did it create?
IX. Russian Expansion
1. What territories did Catherine II and Alexander I annex during their reigns?
2. How did the Russian-American Company expand Russian influence in North America and why did Russia abandon these efforts?
3. What was the Great Game and what territories did Russia acquire in Central Asia and China?
Key Terms
King Leopold II
Cixi
Sierra Leone
Gold Coast
Cape Colony
Congo Free State
Abyssinia
Liberia
Ceylon
Dutch East Indies
Indochina
Malaya
Siam
Australia
New Zealand
Berlin Conference
Treaty of Waitangi
Scramble for Africa
Monroe Doctrine
Manifest Destiny
Roosevelt Corollary
Great Game
concentration camps
penal colony
Boer Wars
Seven Years' War
Taiping Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion
Spanish-American War
corvée laborer
spheres of influence
settler colony
East India Company (EIC)
Dutch East India Company (VOC)
Afrikaners
Maori
Colonization Society
Indian Territory
Trail of Tears
quinine
Suez Canal