AP Psychology AMSCO Guided Notes
4.7: Emotion
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP Psychology Guided Notes
AMSCO 4.7 - Emotion
Essential Questions
- How do theories of emotion apply to behavior and mental processes?
- How do social norms and experiences influence the expression of emotions?
I. Theories of Emotion
1. What are the key components that psychologists agree define emotion?
A. Early Theories of Emotion
1. How does the James-Lange theory explain the sequence of events that leads to emotional experience?
2. How does the Cannon-Bard theory differ from the James-Lange theory in explaining when physiological arousal and emotional feelings occur?
B. The Role of Cognition in Emotion
1. What is Schachter's two-factor theory and how does cognitive appraisal contribute to emotional experience?
2. What did the Schachter and Singer adrenaline experiment demonstrate about the relationship between physiological arousal and emotion?
3. How do Joseph LeDoux's fast and slow pathways to fear differ in their involvement of cognition?
4. According to Richard Lazarus, what role does cognitive appraisal play in the sequence of emotional experience?
II. Facial Feedback
1. What is the facial feedback hypothesis and what mechanism does it propose for how facial expressions influence emotions?
2. What did the pencil-holding study reveal about the relationship between facial expressions and emotional experience?
III. The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Emotion
1. According to Barbara Fredrickson's broaden-and-build theory, how do positive emotions affect thinking and behavior?
2. How does the broaden-and-build theory explain the long-term benefits of experiencing positive emotions?
3. How do negative emotions like anxiety and frustration affect thinking and personal growth according to the broaden-and-build theory?
IV. Emotional Expression
A. Facial Expressions
1. What did Paul Ekman discover about universal facial expressions across cultures?
2. What is the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and what did it reveal about facial expressions?
3. What are the five basic categories of human emotion identified by Ekman, and what is the purpose of the Atlas of Emotions?
B. Cultural and Social Differences in Emotional Expression
1. What are display rules and how do they vary across cultures?
2. How do display rules differ based on gender, age, and socioeconomic status within a culture?
C. Elicitors
1. What are emotional elicitors and how are they shaped by social and cultural context?
2. How do personal history and learned behaviors influence emotional expression over time?
Key Terms
affect
broaden-and-build theory of emotion
cognitive
cognitive appraisal
cognitive labeling
display rules
elicitor
emotion
external factor
facial feedback hypothesis
internal factor
physiological response