1. What economic problems did France face during the reign of Louis XIV, and how did these problems persist into the late 1700s?

2. How did France's involvement in the American Revolution contribute to its financial crisis?

3. What was the ancien régime and how did it concentrate power and wealth among the clergy and nobility?

1. What were the three estates and how did their representation in the Estates-General reflect the inequality of French society?

2. Why was the Estates-General ineffective in addressing France's problems, and how did the Third Estate respond?

3. How did the treatment of Third Estate members during Estates-General meetings reinforce their sense of inferiority?

1. What specific grievances did the Third Estate present, and what changes did they demand?

2. How did Enlightenment ideas influence the bourgeoisie's vision for political and social change?

3. Why did the bourgeoisie seek change despite some members being wealthier than the nobility?

1. What was the Tennis Court Oath and why did the National Assembly take this action?

2. How did Louis XVI respond to the Tennis Court Oath, and what was he secretly planning?

1. What caused the bread shortage of 1788-1789, and how did the king's policies make the crisis worse?

2. How did propaganda about Marie Antoinette affect public opinion during the bread crisis?

1. What reforms did the National Assembly implement during the first phase of the Revolution (1789-1791)?

1. What was the significance of the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789?

2. What actions did peasants take during the Great Fear, and what was their primary target?

3. What did the National Assembly accomplish on August 4, 1789, and why was this significant for peasants?

4. How did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen reflect Enlightenment ideals and the ideas of Rousseau?

1. What prompted the women's march on Versailles in October 1789, and what demands did they make?

2. How did the women's march change the king's situation and end his reign at Versailles?

1. What changes did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy make to the relationship between the Church and the state?

2. How did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy affect the Church's support for the Revolution?

1. Why did the National Assembly abolish the provinces and create departments, and what principle guided this reorganization?

1. What type of government did the Constitution of 1791 establish, and what powers did it give to the king?

1. What was the Flight to Varennes and what did it reveal about Louis XVI's true feelings toward the Revolution?

2. Why did the new French government declare war in 1792, and how did this affect the Revolution?

1. What role did the Jacobins play in the Revolution, and who were key Jacobin leaders?

2. What were the September Massacres and what did they reveal about the growing radicalism of the Revolution?

3. What major changes did the Jacobins implement after seizing control of the National Convention in 1792-1793?

1. What specific policies did the National Assembly pursue to de-Christianize France?

2. How did the new revolutionary calendar reflect Enlightenment values, and why did it ultimately fail?

1. Why did the Jacobins initiate the Reign of Terror, and approximately how many people were executed?

2. What was the Committee of Public Safety and what powers did it assume during the Reign of Terror?

3. How did Robespierre's actions against his opponents, including Danton, demonstrate the extremism of the Reign of Terror?

1. What was the levée en masse and how did it create an unprecedented military force?

2. How did the French revolutionary army differ from previous European armies, and what was its broader purpose?

1. What legal and political rights were denied to women during the French Revolution?

2. How did women participate in the early stages of the Revolution despite lacking formal political rights?

1. What was Olympe de Gouges's 'Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen' and what rights did she advocate for?

2. Why was Olympe de Gouges executed during the Reign of Terror?

1. What was the Society of Republican Revolutionary Women, and why did it dissolve after only five months?

1. What was the Thermidorian Reaction and what did it accomplish?

1. What new government structure did the Directory establish, and what problems did it face?

2. How did the Directory's reliance on the military eventually lead to Napoleon's rise to power?

1. What was the Consulate and how did Napoleon use a coup d'état to establish this new government?