1. What was planter society and what labor-intensive crops did plantations typically produce?

2. What demographic catastrophe occurred among indigenous peoples and how did this affect the labor system in the Americas?

1. How did increased plantation production affect crop prices and consumer demand for goods produced by enslaved people?

2. What role did the triangle trade play in connecting slave traders, merchants, and consumers across the Atlantic?

1. What was the Middle Passage and why was it considered the largest sea-going forced migration in human history?

2. What conditions and dangers did enslaved Africans face during the Middle Passage and what percentage died during the voyage?

1. How did European nations including Portugal, Spain, and England expand their involvement in the slave trade between the 16th and 18th centuries?

2. Which colonial regions imported the largest percentage of enslaved Africans and how did this reflect the geographic expansion of slavery?

3. How did ordinary consumers benefit from the slave trade even if they were not directly involved in it?