upgrade

AP European History AMSCO Guided Notes

1.8: Colonial Expansion and Columbian Exchange

AP European History
AMSCO Guided Notes
1.1 Contextualizing Renaissance and Discovery
1.2 Italian Renaissance
1.3 Northern Renaissance
1.4 Printing
1.5 New Monarchies
1.6 Technological Advances and the Age of Exploration
1.7 Rivals on the World Stage
1.8 Colonial Expansion and Columbian Exchange
1.9 The Slave Trade
1.10 The Commercial Revolution
1.11 Causation in the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery

AP European History Guided Notes

AMSCO 1.8 - Colonial Expansion and Columbian Exchange

Essential Questions

  1. What were the economic, social, and cultural impacts of European colonial expansion and the development of trade networks?
I. Global Exchanges Reshape the World

1. How did the shift from Mediterranean to Atlantic trade networks change the balance of European power?

A. Portuguese Trading Network

1. What were Prince Henry the Navigator's goals for Portuguese exploration and how did he support them?

2. How did Portuguese traders establish their trading network along the African coast?

1. Africa

1. What resources did the Portuguese seek in Africa and how did they obtain them?

2. Why did African leaders participate in the slave trade with Portuguese merchants?

2. South Asia

1. What route did Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama pioneer and what valuable commodity did they find?

2. How did Portugal establish dominance in the spice trade in South Asia?

3. Pressing Eastward

1. What territories did the Portuguese capture in Asia and how did they use them to expand their trading network?

2. Why did the Portuguese not establish colonies in Asia despite their military success?

B. Dividing the World

1. How did the Treaty of Tordesillas affect Portuguese colonial expansion?

2. What economic system did Portugal use to develop Brazil and what labor did it require?

II. Shifts in Economic Power

1. Why did European attitudes toward Atlantic ports change during the age of exploration?

A. Leading Atlantic Ports

1. How did the location of Europe's leading port cities shift from south to north and what caused these changes?

2. What advantages did Amsterdam and London develop that made them major trading centers?

3. How did London become a center for international banking and what does this reveal about England's economic power?

III. The Columbian Exchange

1. What is the Columbian Exchange and why did it have such significant consequences for both the Old World and New World?

A. Food and Other Goods

1. What crops and animals were exchanged between the Old World and New World and how did this affect European population?

2. How did new foods and beverages from the Columbian Exchange change European society and culture?

B. Cultural Exchanges and Clashes

1. What cultural changes resulted from Spanish colonization in the Americas and the Philippines?

2. How did European conquest of indigenous populations affect European attitudes about their own civilization?

C. Economic Opportunities

1. How did Europeans profit from establishing plantations in the Americas and what made these operations particularly profitable?

2. What economic opportunities did the introduction of Old World livestock create for European settlers?

D. Ecological Disasters

1. How did Old World plants and animals damage the environment of the New World?

2. What role did European land-clearing practices play in environmental degradation in the Americas?

E. Diseases

1. Why were European diseases so devastating to Native American populations?

2. How did disease epidemics contribute to European dominance over Native Americans?

Key Terms

Prince Henry the Navigator

plantation

London

Gold Coast

Lisbon

Columbian Exchange

Bartolomeu Dias

Antwerp

smallpox

Vasco da Gama

Amsterdam

measles

Pedro Álvares Cabral

Bristol

immunity