AP European History AMSCO Guided Notes
1.7: Rivals on the World Stage
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP European History Guided Notes
AMSCO 1.7 - Rivals on the World Stage
Essential Questions
- How and why did trading networks and colonial expansion affect relations among European states?
I. Overseas European Empires
A. Spanish Colonies
1. How did Spain's completion of the Reconquista enable it to establish overseas colonies?
2. Why did Columbus approach Spain rather than Portugal to fund his westward voyage?
1. Early Explorations
1. What was Columbus's theory about reaching Asia, and what error did he make in his calculations?
2. What lands did Columbus explore during his voyages, and what did he believe he had discovered?
2. Treaty of Tordesillas
1. What did the Treaty of Tordesillas establish, and how did it divide colonial interests between Spain and Portugal?
2. Why is Amerigo Vespucci significant to the naming of the Americas?
3. Mexico
1. What factors allowed Hernán Cortés to conquer the Aztec Empire despite having a small force?
2. What was New Spain and what territories did it include?
4. Forced Labor
1. What was the encomienda system and how did it provide labor for Spanish colonizers?
2. What arguments did Bartolomé de las Casas make about the encomienda system, and what was the result?
5. Asiento System
1. What was an asiento and why did Spain use this system to obtain enslaved Africans?
6. South America
1. How did European disease and internal conflict weaken the Inca Empire before Pizarro's conquest?
2. What did Francisco Pizarro accomplish in South America and how did he establish Spanish control?
7. The Pacific
1. What was Ferdinand Magellan's expedition significant for, and what happened to him during the voyage?
2. Why did Spain initially view the Philippines as important, and what changed by 1571?
3. How did Manila become a center of commerce, and what goods were traded there?
II. Competition Among Atlantic States
1. Why did explorers from France, England, and the Netherlands seek alternative routes to Asia in the early 17th century?
A. The Netherlands
1. How did the Dutch become the leading maritime power around 1600, and what was their approach to overseas expansion?
2. What were the Dutch East India Company and Dutch West India Company, and what regions did each focus on?
B. England
1. How did John Cabot's explorations give England a basis for claiming land in North America?
2. Why did England delay its colonization efforts in the Americas for nearly a century after Cabot's voyages?
1. English Colonies
1. When did England establish its first permanent North American settlement, and what colonies had it founded by 1670?
2. Why did England establish the British East India Company in 1601?
C. France
1. What did the early French explorers Giovanni de Verrazano and Jacques Cartier accomplish in North America?
2. How did Samuel de Champlain establish French claims to Canada, and what economic activity did he develop?
3. Why were the small Caribbean islands that France colonized valuable despite their size?
III. Rivalries Among European Powers
1. How did mercantilist ideas influence European competition for trade and resources in the 17th and 18th centuries?
A. Growing Trade Rivalries
1. How did competition for Asian spice and silk trade change from the early 16th century through the 18th century?
2. Why were the Dutch successful in challenging Portuguese dominance of the spice trade?
3. How did British and Dutch competition affect the British East India Company's focus in Asia?
B. Conflict over American Colonies
1. Why did England, France, and the Netherlands reject the Treaty of Tordesillas and establish their own colonies?
1. Wars in Europe and the Americas
1. What caused the War of the Spanish Succession, and what were its consequences for European powers in the Americas?
2. How did the Seven Years' War affect French colonial holdings in North America?
Key Terms
Christopher Columbus
encomienda
John Cabot
West Indies
Bartolomé de las Casas
Jamestown
Indians
asiento
Giovanni de Verrazano
Treaty of Tordesillas
Vasco Nuñez de Balboa
Jacques Cartier
Amerigo Vespucci
Francisco Pizarro
Samuel de Champlain
New World
Inca Empire
New France
conquistadors
Ferdinand Magellan
War of the Spanish Succession
Hernán Cortés
Spice Islands
Aztec Empire
New Amsterdam
Seven Years' War
New Spain
New York