Crossing Over:During meiosis (a type of cell division), homologous chromosomes exchange parts with each other. This leads to new combinations of genes on each chromosome.
Independent Assortment:Another way that recombination happens during meiosis. The chromosomes inherited from mom and dad randomly assort into gametes, leading to many possible combinations.
Genetic Linkage: Genes located close together on a chromosome tend to be inherited together because they are less likely to be separated by recombination.