๐Ÿงฌap biology review

Light-independent reactions

Written by the Fiveable Content Team โ€ข Last updated August 2025
Verified for the 2027 exam
Verified for the 2027 examโ€ขWritten by the Fiveable Content Team โ€ข Last updated August 2025

Definition

These are the second stage of photosynthesis (also known as the Calvin Cycle), where ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

AP course connection

Topic 3.4: 3.4 Photosynthesis

Unit 3

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