Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated August 2025
Verified for the 2027 exam
Verified for the 2027 exam•Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated August 2025
Definition
Jamaican-born activist and founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) who led the largest pan-African movement in African American history and promoted the Back-to-Africa movement.
AP course connection
Topic 3.18: 3.18 The Universal Negro Improvement Association