Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
A response variable is the outcome or dependent variable that researchers measure in an experiment to determine the effect of treatments. It is what changes as a result of variations in the independent variable.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
The response variable is often denoted as 'Y' in statistical models.
It must be measurable and quantifiable to allow for proper analysis.
In experimental design, identifying the correct response variable is critical for drawing accurate conclusions.
Response variables can be continuous (e.g., weight, height) or categorical (e.g., pass/fail).
Ethical considerations include ensuring that the measurement of response variables does not harm participants.
An explanatory variable, also known as an independent variable, is manipulated by researchers to observe its effect on the response variable.
Experimental Unit: The smallest division of experimental subjects receiving different treatments for data collection.
Confounding Variable: A confounding variable is an extraneous factor that affects both the explanatory and response variables, potentially skewing results.