1. What historical and religious factors contributed to anti-American sentiment and the rise of Islamic extremism in the Middle East?

2. What was the goal of Al-Qaeda and leaders like Osama bin Laden in their jihad against the United States?

1. What terrorist attacks occurred against the United States before September 11, 2001, and how did the U.S. respond?

1. What were the September 11 attacks and how did they impact American public opinion and government policy?

1. How did the United States respond militarily to the September 11 attacks in Afghanistan and what were the results?

1. What security measures did the Bush administration implement after 9/11 and what civil liberties concerns did they raise?

2. What was the purpose of creating the Department of Homeland Security and what agencies did it combine?

1. What justifications did the Bush administration provide for invading Iraq and how accurate were these claims?

1. How did the Iraq War unfold militarily and what challenges did the United States face after the initial invasion?

2. What events and revelations damaged America's reputation during the Iraq War?

1. What strategy did President Bush use to reduce violence in Iraq and Afghanistan and what were the results?

1. How did the Bush Doctrine justify preemptive military action and how did this approach affect international relations?

2. What international agreements and organizations did the Bush administration reject or withdraw from?

1. What were the major provisions of the Bush tax cuts and what criticisms did Democrats raise about them?

1. What were the goals of the No Child Left Behind Act and the Medicare prescription drug coverage law?

1. What caused the technology bubble to burst in 2000-2002 and how did corporate fraud affect the economy?

2. How did the Federal Reserve respond to the recession and what new economic bubble emerged?

1. What major domestic policy initiatives did President Bush fail to achieve in his second term?

2. How did Hurricane Katrina and other events affect Republican control of Congress?

1. What factors caused the housing bubble and how did the collapse of the housing market trigger a financial crisis?

2. How did the government respond to the financial crisis through TARP and what were the different criticisms of this response?

1. What was the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and how did it attempt to address the Great Recession?

2. How did the federal government intervene in the auto industry during the recession?

1. What were the main provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and what criticisms did it face?

1. What environmental initiatives did the Obama administration pursue and what international agreement did the U.S. join?

1. How did Obama's education reforms differ from the No Child Left Behind Act?

1. Why did the national debt increase during the Obama presidency and what prevented compromise on deficit reduction?

1. What were the major provisions of the Affordable Care Act and what were the main criticisms of the law?

1. What executive orders did President Obama sign to reverse Bush administration policies?

1. What were the main concerns of the Tea Party movement and how did it affect the 2010 elections?

1. How did the Citizens United decision change campaign finance and political parties?

1. What issues dominated the 2012 election and what was the outcome?

1. How did partisan divisions prevent legislation during Obama's presidency and what were the consequences?

2. What conflict arose over Supreme Court appointments during Obama's presidency?

1. What major advances in LGBTQ rights occurred during the Obama presidency?

1. What did the Supreme Court rule about the Second Amendment and what prevented stricter gun control laws?

1. What executive actions did President Obama take regarding immigration and what was their impact?

1. What terrorist attacks occurred on U.S. soil during the Obama presidency and what challenges did they present?

1. How was Osama bin Laden killed and what significance did this have for the War on Terrorism?

1. What was Obama's strategy for ending the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan?

1. What was the Arab Spring and how did the Obama administration respond to uprisings in the Middle East?

1. What was ISIS and how did the Obama administration respond to this terrorist threat?

1. What was the 2015 nuclear agreement with Iran and why did Republicans oppose it?

1. What was Obama's 'pivot' to Asia and what challenges did the United States face in the region?

1. What economic and political challenges did Europe face after the Great Recession?

1. How did Russia's actions in Ukraine and Syria affect U.S.-Russia relations during the Obama presidency?

1. What steps did the Obama administration take to normalize relations with Cuba?

1. What cyber threats did the United States face and how did Russian cyber attacks affect the 2016 election?

1. What were the major provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and how did it affect the federal deficit?

2. What deregulation efforts and policy changes did Trump pursue during his presidency?

3. How did Trump address immigration and what controversies did his policies create?

1. What international agreements and organizations did Trump withdraw from or threaten to leave?

2. How did Trump's 'America First' policy affect U.S. relations with Iran, the Middle East, and Asia?

1. What were the charges against President Trump in his first impeachment and what was the Senate outcome?

1. How did the Trump administration respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and what was Operation Warp Speed?

1. What vaccination and public health strategies did the Biden administration pursue to combat COVID-19?

1. What major legislation did Biden sign to address economic recovery and infrastructure?

2. What efforts did Biden make regarding student debt relief and judicial appointments?

1. What caused inflation to reach 8.5 percent in 2022 and how did global events contribute to this crisis?

1. How did Biden address the situations in Afghanistan, Iran, and Ukraine?

2. What was Biden's approach to China and how did he continue Trump's tariff policies?

1. How has the meaning of freedom changed throughout American history according to Eric Foner?

1. What did David Hackett Fischer argue about the relationship between diverse traditions of freedom and American liberty?