1. What was Ronald Reagan's background before becoming president and how did he gain prominence in Republican politics?
A. Campaign for President
1. What were Reagan's main criticisms of the Carter administration during the 1980 campaign?
2. What was the "misery index" and how did Reagan use it in his campaign?
3. What were the results of the 1980 presidential election and what did they reveal about voter sentiment?
B. Significance
1. How did Reagan's election break up the New Deal coalition and what was the significance of the Moral Majority's role?
2. What changes did the 1980 election bring to the composition of Congress and what did this mean for Democratic dominance?
1. What were the four main promises Reagan made regarding his administration's goals and how did his early popularity affect his political position?
1. What is supply-side economics and how did it differ from the Keynesian economics favored by Democrats?
A. Federal Tax Reduction
1. What were the main provisions of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 and who benefited most from these tax cuts?
2. How did the IRA provision help small investors and what was the top income tax rate reduced to under Reagan?
B. Spending
1. What domestic programs did Reagan cut and how did military spending changes offset these savings?
2. What changes did Reagan make to Social Security and why did he support these reforms?
C. Deregulation
1. What industries and sectors did Reagan's deregulation policy affect and what were the intended benefits?
D. Labor Unions
1. How did Reagan's handling of the air traffic controllers' strike affect labor unions and what were the long-term consequences for union membership?
E. Recession and Recovery
1. What economic conditions characterized the 1982 recession and how did the economy recover beginning in 1983?
2. How did the economic recovery of the 1980s affect different income groups and what happened to the income gap?
1. What were Reagan's Supreme Court nominations and how did they shift the Court's ideological direction?
2. How did the Supreme Court under Rehnquist address affirmative action and abortion rights during this period?
1. What was Reagan's campaign theme in 1984 and what were the results of the election?
2. What was historically significant about the Democratic vice presidential nomination in 1984 and which voter groups supported Mondale?
1. How did Reagan's tax cuts and military spending create federal deficits and what happened to the national debt during his presidency?
2. What caused the U.S. trade deficit to reach $150 billion annually and what were the consequences for American ownership of assets?
3. What was the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget Act and how successful was it in reducing the deficit?
1. What were the major legacies of Reagan's presidency in terms of economic policy and the role of government?
2. How did Reaganomics change the political debate about government programs and what prevented new social programs from being proposed?
1. What were the main issues in the 1988 presidential campaign and what was the outcome of the election?
A. Nomination of Clarence Thomas
1. Why was Clarence Thomas's nomination to the Supreme Court controversial and what was the outcome of his confirmation vote?
B. Taxes and the Economy
1. What major financial crisis did the Bush administration face regarding savings and loan institutions and what was the cost to taxpayers?
2. Why did Bush break his "no new taxes" pledge in 1990 and what were the consequences of this decision?
3. How did the recession beginning in 1990 affect employment and family income during Bush's presidency?
C. Americans with Disabilities Act
1. What did the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibit and what was its lasting impact on American society?
D. Political Inertia
1. What prevented Bush from achieving his stated goals of a "kinder, gentler America" and being the "education president"?
1. How did geographic and demographic divisions shape American politics during this period and what role did swing states play?
2. What was the significance of Southern White conservatives shifting from the Democratic to the Republican Party?
A. Divisions in the Federal Government
1. How did control of Congress change after the 1980s and what were the consequences of divided government?
2. What pattern emerged in presidential elections after 1988 regarding the popular vote versus the Electoral College?
1. How did changes in media technology and structure contribute to increased political polarization during this period?
2. What was the fairness doctrine and how did its abolition in 1987 affect the presentation of news and public debate?
1. What did the Roe v. Wade decision establish and what were the two main positions in the abortion debate?
2. How did the abortion issue influence the political debate over federal judicial appointments?
1. What did the Brady Bill of 1993 require and how did the National Rifle Association respond to gun control legislation?
2. How did the Supreme Court's decision in District of Columbia v. Heller affect the debate over gun regulation?
1. What progress did women make in the labor force and education during this period, and what challenges remained?
2. What was the #MeToo movement and what changes did it seek regarding sexual harassment and assault?
1. What opportunities opened for African Americans after the civil rights movement, and what disparities persisted?
2. What was the significance of the Rodney King beating and acquittal in 1991 and how did the Black Lives Matter movement address police violence?
1. What was the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy and what progress did LGBT rights make during this period?
1. What demographic changes occurred during this period and what was the main obstacle to immigration reform in Congress?
1. What economic disparities emerged during this period and how did they affect different groups of Americans?
2. What was the central debate over health care coverage and how did the Affordable Care Act of 2010 divide Washington?
Ronald Reagan
supply-side economics
(Reaganomics)
"trickle down" economics
Economic Recovery Tax Act
deregulation
PATCO
Sandra Day O'Connor
William Rehnquist
George H. W. Bush
"no new taxes"
Clarence Thomas
Americans with Disabilities Act
political polarization
Brady Bill
National Rifle Association (NRA)
District of Columbia v. Heller
LGBT rights
"Don't ask, don't tell"
Black Lives Matter
#MeToo
Obergefell v. Hodges