1. What are the key symptoms of ADHD and how do they affect daily functioning?

2. Why is diagnosing ADHD contentious and what must be observed to confirm a diagnosis?

1. What are the main challenges individuals with autism face in social communication and interaction?

2. What behaviors and sensory sensitivities are associated with autism spectrum disorder?

1. What genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of ADHD?

2. How do prenatal factors and parental age influence the risk of developing autism spectrum disorder?

1. How are positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia defined and what are examples of each?

2. What are delusions and what types of delusions are associated with schizophrenia?

3. What are hallucinations and why is the auditory hallucination the most common type in schizophrenia?

4. How does disorganized thinking manifest in speech and what are clang association and word salad?

5. What is catatonia and how does it differ between its positive and negative manifestations?

6. What is flat affect and avolition and how do they represent negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

1. What is the dopamine hypothesis and what neurological features are associated with schizophrenia?

2. What prenatal and genetic factors increase the risk of developing schizophrenia?

1. What are the key symptoms of major depressive disorder and what diagnostic criteria must be met?

2. How do genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of major depressive disorder?

1. How does persistent depressive disorder differ from major depressive disorder in duration and severity?

1. What neurological factors and neurotransmitter deficits are involved in depressive disorders?

2. How do social, cultural, and socioeconomic factors contribute to the development of depression?

3. What is the negative cognitive triad and how do maladaptive schemas perpetuate depressive thinking?

4. What stressful life events and circumstances can trigger the onset of depressive disorders?

1. What biological and genetic factors contribute to the development of bipolar disorders?

2. How do social, cultural, behavioral, and cognitive factors influence bipolar disorder onset and course?

1. What is a specific phobia and how does it affect a person's behavior and functioning?

1. What is agoraphobia and how is it related to panic attacks?

1. What is a panic attack and what physical and psychological symptoms are associated with panic disorder?

1. What is ataque de nervios and in which populations is it prevalent?

2. What is taijin kyofusho and how does it differ from other social anxiety disorders?

1. What is social anxiety disorder and what situations do people with this disorder typically avoid?

1. What are the defining characteristics and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?

1. How do learned associations and conditioning contribute to the development of anxiety disorders?

2. What cognitive distortions and maladaptive thinking patterns are associated with anxiety disorders?

3. What genetic and neurobiological factors predispose individuals to anxiety disorders?

1. What are obsessions and compulsions and how do they reinforce each other in the OCD cycle?

2. What are examples of different types of OCD and how do they affect daily functioning?

1. What is hoarding disorder and how does it differ from normal collecting or organizing behaviors?

1. How do learned behaviors and repeated actions contribute to the development of OCD?

2. What cognitive patterns and emotional factors are associated with OCD?

3. What biological, genetic, and neurochemical factors play a role in OCD development?

1. What is dissociative amnesia and what types of memory loss are associated with it?

2. What is dissociative amnesia with fugue and how does it differ from other forms of amnesia?

1. What is dissociative identity disorder and how do the different alters function?

2. What evidence suggests that different alters in DID have distinct brain functioning?

3. Why is DID diagnosis concentrated in Western cultures and what does this suggest about the disorder?

1. What role does severe psychological trauma play in the development of dissociative disorders?

2. How do early attachment disruptions and personality traits contribute to dissociative symptoms?

1. What are the key symptoms of PTSD and when do they typically develop after a traumatic event?

2. How do environmental triggers affect individuals with PTSD?

3. Why do some people develop PTSD after trauma while others do not?

1. What individual and psychological factors increase susceptibility to trauma-related disorders?

1. What are the key symptoms and psychological features of anorexia nervosa?

2. What are the medical complications and health risks associated with anorexia?

1. What is the binge-purge cycle and what compensatory behaviors are used in bulimia?

2. What cognitive distortions and emotional factors are associated with bulimia nervosa?

1. What biological and genetic factors contribute to the development of eating disorders?

2. How do social and cultural influences, particularly media and beauty standards, affect eating disorders?

3. What behavioral and cognitive factors increase the risk of developing eating disorders?

1. What are the key features of paranoid personality disorder and how does it differ from paranoid schizophrenia?

2. What are the characteristics of schizoid personality disorder?

3. What are the defining features of schizotypal personality disorder?

1. What are the key characteristics of antisocial personality disorder and what biological factors contribute to it?

2. What are the defining features of histrionic personality disorder?

3. What are the characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder?

4. What are the key features of borderline personality disorder?

1. What are the characteristics of avoidant personality disorder?

2. What are the defining features of dependent personality disorder?

3. What is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and how does it differ from OCD?

1. What biological and genetic factors contribute to the development of personality disorders?

2. How do social, cultural, behavioral, and cognitive factors influence personality disorder development?