1. What is psychopathology and what does it mean for behavior to be maladaptive?

2. According to the APA, what defines a psychological disorder?

3. What are the three D's used to identify psychological disorders and how does each criterion help clinicians assess mental health?

4. Why is the absence of distress not sufficient to rule out a psychological disorder?

5. How do cultural factors influence what is considered deviation from social norms?

1. What factors do clinicians consider when conducting a comprehensive evaluation for diagnosis?

2. What are the positive consequences of diagnosing and classifying psychological disorders?

3. What are the negative consequences of diagnostic labels, particularly for less severe conditions and marginalized groups?

4. How can culturally sensitive approaches to diagnosis improve mental health outcomes?

5. How do stigma, racism, and discrimination affect diagnosis and treatment disparities?

1. What is the DSM-5 and why is it considered the primary diagnostic manual in the mental health field?

2. What changes did the DSM-5 introduce compared to previous editions?

3. What is Internet Gaming Disorder and why was Internet addiction not included as an official disorder in the DSM-5?

4. What tools did the DSM-5 add to help clinicians assess cultural factors in diagnosis and treatment?

5. How many categories of disorders does the DSM-5 identify and what additional factors does it now consider in diagnostic criteria?

1. What is the ICD and how does it differ from the DSM-5 in terms of global use?

2. What was the significance of the ICD-10 revision and what is the current edition?

3. How has the DSM-5 aligned with the ICD to improve consistency in diagnoses worldwide?

1. What is the core assumption of the behavioral perspective regarding psychological disorders?

2. How does classical conditioning explain the development of specific phobias, using Natalie's button phobia as an example?

3. How does operant conditioning explain illness anxiety disorder?

1. What is the core belief of the psychodynamic perspective about the causes of psychological disorders?

2. How does the psychodynamic approach explain dissociative identity disorder?

3. How does the psychodynamic approach attempt to treat psychological disorders?

1. What does the humanistic perspective believe causes mental illness?

2. What is the self-actualizing tendency and how does blocking it contribute to psychological disorders?

3. How do conditions of worth and incongruence between real and ideal self lead to depression and anxiety?

1. What does the cognitive perspective propose about the origin of psychological disorders?

2. What role do negative thought patterns and cognitive distortions play in depression?

3. How does cognitive therapy help alleviate depressive symptoms?

1. What does the evolutionary perspective propose about the development of psychological disorders?

2. How can anxiety be viewed as both adaptive and maladaptive from an evolutionary standpoint?

3. Why might phobias of snakes or heights have been advantageous to our ancestors?

1. How does the sociocultural perspective differ from other perspectives in explaining psychological disorders?

2. What are cultural syndromes and provide examples of how they vary across cultures?

3. What are cultural idioms of distress and cultural explanations of distress?

4. What is cultural relativism and why is it important in understanding psychological disorders?

5. How do gender, socioeconomic status, and cultural stressors influence the development and expression of psychological disorders?

6. Why do anorexia nervosa and bulimia appear primarily in Western cultures while depression is less common in Asian cultures?

7. How does cultural context affect the way psychological disorders are reported and treated, using depression in Japan as an example?

1. What does the biological perspective presuppose about the origin of psychological disorders?

2. What biological factors does the medical model consider as causes of psychological disorders?

3. How has the biological perspective influenced the language and treatment of psychological disorders?

4. How does the biological perspective explain major depressive disorder and what role do neurotransmitters play?

5. How do antidepressant medications work based on the biological understanding of depression?

1. What is the network approach to conceptualizing mental disorders and what factors does it consider?

1. What is the biopsychosocial model and why is it considered a more thorough approach to understanding psychological disorders?

2. How would a clinician using the biopsychosocial model approach Robert's bipolar disorder diagnosis?

3. What biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors would a clinician consider when using the biopsychosocial model?

1. What is the diathesis-stress model and what historical observation led to its development?

2. What does diathesis refer to and how does it vary among individuals?

3. How do environmental stressors interact with biological predisposition to trigger psychological disorders?

4. What are protective factors and how can they reduce the likelihood of a disorder manifesting?

5. How does the diathesis-stress model relate to Mendel's concepts of genotype and phenotype in plants?