Machu Picchu in AP Human Geography

Definition

Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan city located in the Andes Mountains of Peru, built in the 15th century under the reign of Emperor Pachacuti. Often referred to as the 'Lost City of the Incas,' it showcases the impressive architectural and engineering skills of the Inca civilization while being intricately connected to its cultural landscape, including agricultural terraces and religious sites.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Machu Picchu was rediscovered in 1911 by American historian Hiram Bingham, bringing international attention to this iconic site.
2. The city is renowned for its sophisticated dry-stone construction, where stones were cut to fit together without mortar, demonstrating advanced Incan engineering techniques.
3. Machu Picchu served as both a royal estate and a religious site, believed to be a place for worshiping Inti, the sun god.
4. The site features a variety of structures, including temples, terraces, and agricultural areas that reflect the integration of urban and rural landscapes.
5. In 1983, Machu Picchu was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its cultural significance and preservation of Inca civilization.

Review Questions

• How does Machu Picchu exemplify the architectural and agricultural ingenuity of the Inca civilization?
  • Machu Picchu demonstrates the Inca's remarkable architectural skills through its precise stone construction that has withstood centuries of earthquakes. The use of terracing around the site showcases their agricultural ingenuity, allowing them to cultivate crops on steep mountainsides. These features not only highlight their ability to adapt to their environment but also reflect their deep understanding of landscape management.
• Discuss the significance of Machu Picchu within the context of Andean culture and its impact on contemporary perceptions of indigenous history.
  • Machu Picchu holds immense cultural significance as it represents the peak of Inca civilization and its rich history. The site is a symbol of Andean culture, illustrating traditional practices such as worshipping nature and using advanced agricultural techniques. Today, it plays a crucial role in contemporary discussions about indigenous history, serving as a reminder of the advanced societies that existed long before colonial influences.
• Evaluate how Machu Picchu has influenced tourism and economic development in Peru while raising questions about preservation and cultural integrity.
  • Machu Picchu has become one of Peru's most visited tourist destinations, significantly boosting local economies through tourism. However, this influx raises concerns about environmental degradation and preservation efforts needed to protect such an important cultural site. The challenge lies in balancing economic benefits with maintaining cultural integrity and ensuring that tourism does not compromise the site's historical significance.

Related terms

Inca Empire: A large empire that existed in South America from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, known for its advanced agricultural practices and extensive road systems.

Terracing:

An agricultural technique used by the Incas, involving the creation of stepped levels on mountainous terrain to maximize arable land and reduce soil erosion.

Andean Culture: The collective cultural practices, traditions, and beliefs of the peoples living in the Andean region of South America, which heavily influenced Inca society.