纳米材料 (nànmí cáiliào): Nanomaterials are materials with structures or components at the nanoscale level, exhibiting distinct properties due to their small size.
生物材料 (shēngwù cáiliào): Biomaterials are substances that interact with biological systems, often used in medical applications such as implants or drug delivery systems.
光学材料 (guāngxué cáiliào): Optical materials are substances that manipulate light, enabling various optical phenomena and applications like lenses, fibers, or displays.