XDR-TB

Definition

XDR-TB stands for Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, a form of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least four of the core anti-TB drugs. It is more challenging to treat than multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) and poses a significant public health threat.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. XDR-TB is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs.
2. It is also resistant to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs: amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin.
3. Treatment for XDR-TB requires the use of less effective or more toxic drugs, often resulting in longer treatment durations and lower success rates.
4. The emergence of XDR-TB highlights the importance of proper drug administration and adherence to treatment regimens to avoid resistance development.
5. Diagnostic tools such as molecular tests are crucial for the early detection and management of XDR-TB.

Related terms

MDR-TB:

Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, which is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin.

Fluoroquinolone: A class of broad-spectrum antibiotics used in the treatment of various bacterial infections including TB.

Isoniazid:

One of the primary first-line anti-tuberculosis medications used in combination with other drugs.