Toxic shock syndrome

Definition

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare, life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, primarily from Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It leads to sudden high fever, rash, and multi-organ failure.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. TSS is often associated with the use of superabsorbent tampons but can also result from skin infections, burns, or surgical wounds.
2. The key toxin responsible for TSS in Staphylococcus aureus is Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1).
3. Streptococcal TSS can occur after streptococcal infections such as pharyngitis and cellulitis.
4. TSS triggers an overactive immune response leading to symptoms like hypotension, fever, and desquamation of the skin.
5. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics and supportive care are crucial for survival.

Review Questions

Related terms

Staphylococcus aureus:

A gram-positive bacterium that can cause a variety of infections including toxic shock syndrome.

Superantigen: A class of antigens that result in excessive activation of the immune system, such as TSST-1.

Gram-positive bacteria: Bacteria that have thick cell walls and retain a purple color when subjected to Gram staining.