Glycocalyx

Definition

The glycocalyx is a gelatinous, sticky outer layer surrounding the cell wall of some bacteria. It functions in protection, adherence to surfaces, and interaction with the environment.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The glycocalyx can exist as either a capsule or a slime layer.
2. Capsules are organized and firmly attached to the cell wall, while slime layers are unorganized and loosely attached.
3. It helps bacteria evade the immune system by preventing phagocytosis.
4. The glycocalyx plays a critical role in biofilm formation on surfaces.
5. It aids in bacterial adherence to host tissues, enhancing their ability to cause infection.

Review Questions

• What are the two forms in which the glycocalyx can exist?
• How does the glycocalyx contribute to bacterial virulence?
• Why is the glycocalyx important for biofilm formation?

Related terms

Capsule:

A well-organized and firmly attached form of glycocalyx.

Slime Layer: A less organized and loosely attached form of glycocalyx.

Biofilm:

A complex community of microorganisms growing on a surface, often surrounded by a protective extracellular matrix including the glycocalyx.