Clefting

Definition

Clefting is a syntactic transformation that splits a single clause into two clauses, typically to emphasize a specific part of the sentence. This technique rearranges the information within a sentence, often highlighting the subject or object, and is useful for clarifying or focusing on particular elements of meaning. By breaking up the structure, clefting can change the flow and interpretation of information.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Clefting typically involves transforming a simple sentence into a structure that begins with 'it is' or 'it was,' followed by the emphasized element and a relative clause.
2. This transformation serves to highlight specific information while downplaying other parts of the sentence, allowing for more effective communication.
3. Cleft constructions can occur in both English and other languages, though the specific forms may vary.
4. There are two main types of clefting: it-clefts and wh-clefts, each serving different functions in emphasizing sentence elements.
5. Using clefting can change the pragmatic meaning of a sentence, impacting how listeners perceive the importance of certain information.

Review Questions

• How does clefting function to change the focus within a sentence, and what are some typical structures used?
  • Clefting functions by splitting a single clause into two, which allows speakers to emphasize specific parts of the sentence. A common structure involves using 'it is' or 'it was' followed by the emphasized element and a relative clause that provides additional context. For instance, in 'It was John who won the prize,' the focus is shifted specifically onto John, highlighting his role in winning.
• What are some advantages and disadvantages of using clefting in communication?
  • Clefting offers advantages such as improved clarity and emphasis on important information, making it easier for listeners to grasp key points. However, overusing cleft constructions can lead to unnecessarily complex sentences, potentially confusing readers or listeners. In written communication, relying heavily on clefting might also disrupt the flow of text and make it feel less natural.
• Evaluate how clefting can influence the pragmatic implications of statements in conversation.
  • Clefting can significantly influence pragmatic implications by altering how information is presented and perceived in conversation. By emphasizing certain elements, speakers can guide listeners' attention and manipulate interpretations to convey particular meanings or intentions. For example, using clefting might change a neutral statement into one that highlights an unexpected outcome or important detail, thereby shaping the conversational context and influencing responses.

Related terms

Topicalization: A syntactic process that brings a particular element of a sentence to the forefront, often changing the focus of the sentence.

Focus:

The part of a sentence that provides new or important information, which can be emphasized through various syntactic structures.

It-Cleft: A specific type of clefting construction that uses 'it' as a placeholder, leading to an emphasis on the predicate or complement of the original sentence.