Plasmids

Definition

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotic cells that replicate independently of chromosomal DNA. They often carry genes that confer advantageous traits such as antibiotic resistance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Plasmids can be transferred between bacteria through a process called conjugation.
2. They often contain genes responsible for antibiotic resistance.
3. Plasmids are used as vectors in genetic engineering to insert new genes into organisms.
4. Unlike chromosomal DNA, plasmids can replicate independently within the cell.
5. Plasmid replication is typically regulated by the origin of replication sequence they contain.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of plasmids in bacterial cells?
• How do plasmids contribute to antibiotic resistance?
• Describe how plasmids are utilized in genetic engineering.

Related terms

Conjugation:

A process where genetic material is transferred between bacterial cells through direct contact.

Vector: A carrier used to transfer genetic material from one organism to another in biotechnology.

Origin of Replication (ori): A specific sequence of DNA at which replication is initiated on a chromosome or plasmid.