Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Conjugation is a process where genetic material is transferred from one bacterial cell to another through direct contact. It often involves the transfer of plasmids which can carry beneficial genes such as antibiotic resistance.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Conjugation requires a physical connection between two bacterial cells, usually mediated by a pilus.
The donor cell typically carries a plasmid with genes required for conjugation.
The F (fertility) plasmid is a common example involved in conjugation.
Conjugation allows for horizontal gene transfer, increasing genetic diversity in bacterial populations.
Not all bacteria can initiate conjugation; it usually occurs between compatible mating types.
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Related terms
Pilus: A hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria that facilitates attachment and DNA transfer during conjugation
Plasmid: A small, circular piece of DNA that is separate from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently, often carrying advantageous genes
Horizontal Gene Transfer: The movement of genetic material between organisms other than through vertical transmission (i.e., from parent to offspring)