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Plasmids

Definition

Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA that exist independently of the chromosomal DNA in bacteria. They often carry genes that provide a survival advantage to the organism, such as antibiotic resistance.

Analogy

Think of plasmids like optional software updates for your computer. Your computer (the bacterium) can function without them, but these updates (plasmids) can offer additional features or protections (like antibiotic resistance) that make your computer more efficient or resilient.

Related terms

Conjugation: This is a process where genetic material is transferred from one bacterial cell to another through direct contact. It's often how plasmids get shared among bacteria.

Antibiotic Resistance: This refers to the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic. It often occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs designed to cure or prevent infections.

Transformation: In biology, transformation is a type of genetic exchange where DNA fragments are taken up by a bacterium from its surrounding environment.