Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. It plays a crucial role in the process of swallowing and moving food from the mouth to the stomach.
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The esophagus is approximately 25 centimeters long in adults.
Peristalsis, a series of wave-like muscle contractions, moves food through the esophagus to the stomach.
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) regulates the passage of food into the stomach and prevents acid reflux.
The esophagus has multiple layers including mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia.
Conditions such as GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) can affect esophageal function.
Involuntary contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES): A ring of muscle at the junction between the esophagus and stomach that controls food entry and prevents acid reflux.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus causing irritation.