Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Peristalsis is the involuntary, wave-like contractions of smooth muscles in the walls of the digestive tract. These contractions move food through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Peristalsis begins in the esophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed.
The process is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and does not require conscious thought.
Peristaltic waves occur in both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts.
In addition to moving food, peristalsis helps mix digestive enzymes with food to facilitate absorption.
Disruptions in peristalsis can lead to conditions such as acid reflux or intestinal blockages.
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Related terms
Bolus: A small rounded mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed.
Autonomic Nervous System: Part of the nervous system responsible for control of bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing and heartbeat.
Digestive Enzymes: Proteins that speed up chemical reactions involved in breaking down food into nutrients.