Adrenal cortex
Definition
The adrenal cortex is the outer region of the adrenal glands, responsible for producing steroid hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. It plays a critical role in regulating metabolism, immune response, and blood pressure.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- The adrenal cortex is divided into three zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis.
- Zona glomerulosa primarily produces aldosterone which regulates sodium and potassium balance.
- Zona fasciculata mainly secretes cortisol which influences metabolism and stress response.
- Zona reticularis produces androgens which are precursors to sex hormones.
- Disorders of the adrenal cortex can lead to conditions such as Addison's disease (hypofunction) or Cushing's syndrome (hyperfunction).
Review Questions
- What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex and what hormones do they produce?
- How does cortisol influence the body's metabolism?
- What are some disorders associated with dysfunction of the adrenal cortex?
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Related terms
Adrenal Medulla: The inner part of the adrenal gland that produces catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Aldosterone: A hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa that helps regulate sodium and potassium levels.
Cortisol: A hormone produced by the zona fasciculata that affects metabolism, inflammation, and stress responses.
