Cortisol

Definition

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex and plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress. It helps regulate metabolism, immune response, and other vital processes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cortisol is produced in the adrenal cortex, specifically in the zona fasciculata.
2. It is often referred to as the 'stress hormone' because its levels increase in response to stress.
3. Cortisol helps regulate blood sugar levels by promoting gluconeogenesis in the liver.
4. It has anti-inflammatory properties and helps modulate the immune system's response.
5. Chronic high levels of cortisol can lead to conditions such as Cushing's syndrome, characterized by weight gain and hypertension.

Review Questions

• Where is cortisol produced in the body?
• What effect does cortisol have on blood sugar levels?
• What are some potential health issues associated with chronic high levels of cortisol?

Related terms

Adrenal Cortex: The outer part of the adrenal gland where cortisol and other hormones are produced

Gluconeogenesis:

The metabolic process that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates, stimulated by cortisol

Cushing's Syndrome: A condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol