Entasis

Definition

Entasis is a subtle curvature applied to columns in classical architecture, particularly noticeable in Greek temples. This design feature counteracts the optical illusion of concavity that straight columns can create, making them appear more aesthetically pleasing and structurally sound. By employing entasis, architects enhanced the visual perception of columns, allowing them to convey strength and elegance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Entasis was commonly used in the construction of Greek temples, such as the Parthenon, to enhance the appearance of stability.
2. The curvature created by entasis is most evident near the middle of the column, where it is subtly bulged outwards.
3. This technique was not only practical but also symbolic, reflecting the Greeks' understanding of beauty and their desire for perfection in architectural design.
4. Entasis helps to create an illusion of straightness when viewed from a distance, addressing the imperfections that the human eye perceives.
5. Although often associated with classical Greek architecture, variations of entasis can be found in other architectural traditions throughout history.

Review Questions

• How does entasis improve the visual perception of columns in classical architecture?
  • Entasis improves the visual perception of columns by creating a slight curvature that counters the optical illusion of straight lines appearing concave. When viewed from a distance, straight columns can look like they bow inward due to perspective distortion. By introducing a bulge around the mid-section, entasis makes the columns appear more robust and visually pleasing, enhancing their overall aesthetic while ensuring they convey a sense of strength.
• Discuss the significance of entasis in the context of Greek architectural philosophy regarding beauty and proportion.
  • Entasis reflects the Greek architectural philosophy that emphasized beauty through proportion and harmony. The use of this curvature demonstrates an understanding of how human perception can affect architectural form. By applying entasis, architects aimed to create structures that were not only functional but also beautiful, adhering to ideals that sought perfection and symmetry. This approach illustrates how aesthetics were deeply integrated into the design process of Greek temples like the Parthenon.
• Evaluate the role of entasis within the broader context of architectural advancements in ancient Greece and its influence on later architectural styles.
  • Entasis played a critical role in the architectural advancements of ancient Greece, showcasing their innovative approach to overcoming visual challenges posed by standard geometric forms. This technique influenced later architectural styles by laying foundational principles of beauty and proportion that resonated through Roman architecture and beyond. Many subsequent architects adopted similar concepts to enhance visual appeal in various structures. The legacy of entasis continues to be recognized today, demonstrating its lasting impact on the evolution of architectural design throughout history.

Related terms

Doric Order:

The simplest of the classical architectural orders, characterized by sturdy columns with no base and a plain capital.

Column: A structural element that can be cylindrical or polygonal in shape, supporting beams or arches, often serving as a decorative feature in architecture.

Proportion:

The relationship in size and scale between different elements of a design, essential in creating harmony and balance in architecture.