Congress

Definition

Congress is the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. It is responsible for making laws, overseeing the federal budget, and representing the interests of citizens at the national level.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Congress was established by the Constitution in 1789 and is a key component of the federal government’s separation of powers.
2. Members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms, while Senators serve six-year terms, which helps to balance immediate responsiveness with long-term stability.
3. Congress has the authority to declare war, regulate commerce, levy taxes, and impeach federal officials, showcasing its significant powers.
4. The House is made up of representatives based on state populations, while the Senate has two senators from each state, regardless of size, promoting equal representation.
5. Major legislation often involves negotiations between both chambers to reconcile differences in bills before they can be signed into law by the President.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of Congress reflect the principles of federalism and representation in the United States?
  • The structure of Congress embodies federalism by dividing representation between large and small states through its bicameral system. The House of Representatives allocates seats based on population, allowing larger states more influence, while the Senate ensures that every state has equal representation with two senators each. This balance promotes cooperation and compromise among states with different interests and populations.
• Evaluate the impact of Congressional powers such as declaring war and regulating commerce on U.S. foreign policy throughout history.
  • Congress's powers to declare war and regulate commerce have profoundly influenced U.S. foreign policy. By having the authority to authorize military action, Congress plays a crucial role in decisions about involvement in conflicts. Additionally, its ability to regulate commerce affects international trade agreements and economic relationships with other countries. This dynamic often leads to tension between Congress and the President regarding control over foreign affairs.
• Assess how changes in Congressional procedures or composition have reflected broader societal changes in America from Reconstruction to today.
  • Changes in Congressional procedures and composition over time mirror significant societal shifts in America. For instance, during Reconstruction, Congress enacted laws aimed at integrating formerly enslaved people into society. In contrast, recent decades have seen increasing polarization within Congress, reflecting broader societal divisions. This evolution highlights how Congress not only legislates but also responds to the changing values and demographics of the American populace.

Related terms

Bicameral Legislature:

A legislative body that consists of two separate chambers or houses, as seen in Congress with the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Checks and Balances:

A system designed to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful by allowing each branch to limit the powers of the others, ensuring a balance of power.

Legislation:

The process of proposing, drafting, and enacting laws through Congress, which involves various stages including committee reviews and voting.