Congress

Definition

Congress is the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. It is responsible for making laws, representing the interests of citizens, and overseeing the executive branch, thereby playing a critical role in shaping policy and governance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Congress has the power to create laws, declare war, regulate interstate commerce, and control federal spending.
2. The House of Representatives consists of 435 members, while the Senate has 100 members, with each state having two senators regardless of population.
3. Congress holds significant oversight over the executive branch, including the power to investigate and impeach federal officials.
4. Members of Congress must adhere to specific rules and procedures, such as committee assignments and voting protocols, which help maintain order and efficiency.
5. The legislative process requires collaboration between both chambers of Congress to pass laws, often leading to negotiations and compromises.

Review Questions

• How does Congress play a role in the system of checks and balances within the U.S. government?
  • Congress plays a vital role in the system of checks and balances by exercising its legislative authority to create laws that can limit or guide the actions of the executive branch. For example, Congress has the power to approve budgets, confirm presidential appointments, and conduct investigations into executive actions. This oversight ensures that no single branch of government becomes too powerful and maintains accountability in governance.
• Discuss how the structure of Congress affects its ability to respond to social movements within American society.
  • The bicameral structure of Congress can both enhance and hinder its responsiveness to social movements. On one hand, having two chambers allows for diverse viewpoints and thorough debate on issues brought forth by social movements. However, this structure can also lead to gridlock if there is significant disagreement between the House and Senate on proposed legislation. Additionally, the committee system allows for focused discussions on specific issues raised by social movements but may limit broader legislative action if those issues do not gain traction in committees.
• Evaluate how changes in public opinion influence congressional decision-making and lawmaking processes.
  • Changes in public opinion significantly influence congressional decision-making by shaping lawmakers' perceptions of what their constituents want. As representatives seek re-election, they often align their policies and actions with prevailing public sentiments to gain support. This dynamic can lead to shifts in legislative priorities as Congress responds to emerging issues that resonate with voters. Furthermore, public opinion can be gauged through polls and social media trends, which lawmakers consider when crafting legislation or deciding how to vote on key issues.

Related terms

Bicameral Legislature:

A legislative body that has two separate chambers or houses, such as the House of Representatives and the Senate in the U.S. Congress.

Committee System:

A system in which Congress uses committees to divide its work, allowing for specialization and more efficient handling of legislation.

Filibuster:

A procedural tactic in the Senate where a senator can delay or block legislation by extending debate on the bill.