Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

Definition

The Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries refer to the period from the 1870s to the 1920s, characterized by significant social, political, and economic transformations in the United States. During this era, various social movements emerged in response to the rapid industrialization, urbanization, and changes in labor conditions, prompting various government responses aimed at addressing the demands and challenges posed by these movements.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The rise of industrialization during this period led to significant changes in labor conditions, resulting in protests and strikes as workers demanded better wages and hours.
2. The government often responded to social movements with a mix of repression and reform, sometimes using military force to break up strikes or protests.
3. Progressive reforms were introduced at local, state, and national levels to tackle issues like child labor, workplace safety, and women's rights.
4. The suffrage movement gained traction during this time, with women organizing rallies and campaigns that ultimately resulted in women gaining the right to vote with the 19th Amendment in 1920.
5. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw significant legislative responses like the Sherman Antitrust Act aimed at curbing corporate monopolies and protecting consumers.

Review Questions

• How did social movements during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries influence government policies?
  • Social movements such as labor protests and the suffrage movement greatly influenced government policies during this period. Activists organized strikes and rallies that drew public attention to issues like workers' rights and gender equality. As a result, governments began enacting reforms aimed at addressing these issues, leading to significant legislation like the Fair Labor Standards Act and the passage of the 19th Amendment.
• In what ways did Progressivism address the challenges posed by industrialization during this era?
  • Progressivism emerged as a response to the social injustices brought about by industrialization. Reformers advocated for regulations on child labor, improved working conditions, and women's rights. They pushed for laws that aimed to eliminate corruption in politics, such as direct election of senators through the 17th Amendment. By doing so, Progressives sought to create a more equitable society that reflected the needs of its citizens.
• Evaluate the impact of government responses to the labor movement on shaping labor rights in America.
  • Government responses to the labor movement had a profound impact on shaping labor rights in America. Initially characterized by hostility toward unions and strikes—often leading to violent clashes—government attitudes shifted over time as public sentiment changed. The establishment of regulatory bodies and legislation aimed at protecting workers' rights marked a turning point. By recognizing unions' legitimacy and passing laws that established basic labor protections, the government laid the foundation for modern labor rights. This evolution reflects broader societal changes regarding workers' roles within a rapidly industrializing economy.

Related terms

Progressivism:

A social and political movement in the early 20th century that sought to address issues such as corruption, inequality, and social justice through reforms in government and society.

Labor Movement:

A collective struggle of workers advocating for better working conditions, fair wages, and labor rights during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Suffrage Movement:

A social and political campaign aimed at granting women the right to vote, gaining momentum during the late 19th century and culminating in the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.