Decomposition:The process by which organic matter is broken down into simpler substances by decomposers (like bacteria and fungi), releasing nutrients back into the environment.
Nitrogen Fixation: The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into forms that can be used by plants through biological or industrial processes.
Biogeochemical Cycles: The pathways through which elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water are circulated between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of ecosystems.