Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Verified for the 2026 exam
Verified for the 2026 exam•Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Birth defects are structural or functional abnormalities present at birth that can affect various parts of the body. They may result from genetic factors, exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy, or a combination of both.
Related terms
Congenital disorder: A congenital disorder is any condition present at birth that may be caused by genetic factors, prenatal exposure to harmful substances, or unknown reasons.
Teratogens: Teratogens are substances such as drugs, chemicals, infections, or radiation that can interfere with normal embryonic development and increase the risk of birth defects.
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS): FAS is a specific birth defect caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. It can lead to physical, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities in the baby.