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🎨AP Art & Design
Key Terms

172 essential vocabulary terms and definitions to know for your AP Art & Design exam

Study AP Art & Design
Practice Vocabulary
🎨AP Art & Design
Key Terms by Unit

🔖Unit 1 – Course Overview

1.2 Connections to Art Traditions

TermDefinition
conversationThe exchange of ideas and dialogue that occurs during investigation to develop understanding.
curiosityThe desire to ask questions and explore materials, processes, and ideas in depth during investigation.
descriptionThe act of articulating observations and findings about materials, processes, and ideas during investigation.
discoveryThe process of finding new information, connections, and possibilities through investigation.
documentationThe process of recording and presenting experiences, processes, and investigations that can be shared with viewers or presented as part of a sustained artistic or design study.
examinationThe careful study and inspection of materials, processes, and ideas as part of investigation.
imaginationThe creative thinking and envisioning of possibilities that occurs during investigation in art and design.
inquiryA systematic process of asking questions and seeking understanding to guide artistic and design investigation.
interpretationThe meaning or understanding that viewers derive from a work of art or design, which can vary based on individual experiences and perspectives.
investigationA systematic process of inquiry used to explore questions, examine evidence, and develop understanding in art and design.
investigative processesMethods and practices such as experimentation, revision, and practice used to explore and develop art and design work.
lines of inquirySpecific directions or pathways of investigation pursued by artists and designers to explore questions and ideas.
materialsThe physical substances and resources used by artists and designers to create works, such as paint, clay, metal, or digital media.
perceptionPersonal interpretations and understandings of an experience based on individual perspective.
processesThe methods, techniques, and procedures that artists and designers employ to create their work.
researchThe act of discovering or verifying information as part of an investigation in art and design.
sustained investigationAn inquiry-based, in-depth study of materials, processes, and ideas conducted over time that expands artists' and designers' awareness of possibilities for making.
viewer interpretationThe meanings, understandings, and responses that audiences derive from viewing and experiencing art and design.

1.3 Connections to Art Traditions

TermDefinition
componentsIndividual elements of a work of art or design, such as materials, processes, and ideas, that can be identified and discussed separately.
contextThe circumstances surrounding the creation and viewing of a work of art or design, including when, where, how, why, and by whom it was made and viewed.
critiqueA structured discussion and evaluation of a work of art or design, often involving feedback from a group, teacher, mentor, or client.
documentationThe process of recording and presenting experiences, processes, and investigations that can be shared with viewers or presented as part of a sustained artistic or design study.
evaluationThe process of using evidence to compare a work of art or design with specific criteria, such as the artist's or designer's goals.
ideasConcepts, themes, and intellectual content that artists and designers choose to explore and communicate through their work.
interpretationThe meaning or understanding that viewers derive from a work of art or design, which can vary based on individual experiences and perspectives.
investigationA systematic process of inquiry used to explore questions, examine evidence, and develop understanding in art and design.
materialsThe physical substances and resources used by artists and designers to create works, such as paint, clay, metal, or digital media.
peer reviewFormal feedback on a work of art or design provided by fellow artists, designers, or students.
processesThe methods, techniques, and procedures that artists and designers employ to create their work.
relationshipsThe visual connections and interactions between materials, processes, and ideas within a work of art or design.
synthesisThe integration or coalescence of materials, processes, and ideas within a work of art or design to create unified visual connections.
viewer responsesThe reactions, interpretations, and emotional or intellectual reactions that viewers have when experiencing a work of art or design.
visual evidenceObservable elements within a work of art or design that demonstrate or support artistic decisions and relationships.

🍥Unit 2: Portfolio Design Skills

2.1 Questioning Art

TermDefinition
constructive feedbackFeedback that is useful and helpful in advancing an artist's or designer's understanding of their work.
documentationThe process of recording and presenting experiences, processes, and investigations that can be shared with viewers or presented as part of a sustained artistic or design study.
inquiry-basedAn approach to learning and making that is driven by questions and exploration rather than predetermined answers.
open-ended queriesQuestions that begin with prompts like 'what if,' 'how,' or 'why' that allow for multiple possible directions of investigation.
refinementThe process of improving and perfecting materials, processes, and ideas through practice and experimentation.
sustained investigationAn inquiry-based, in-depth study of materials, processes, and ideas conducted over time that expands artists' and designers' awareness of possibilities for making.

2.4 Use of Art Elements and Principles

TermDefinition
2-D skillsArtistic and design techniques demonstrated in two-dimensional works, such as the skillful use of color, composition, and visual elements on a flat surface.
3-D skillsArtistic and design techniques demonstrated in three-dimensional works, involving spatial awareness, form, volume, and the manipulation of materials in space.
balanceA principle of design that distributes visual weight evenly or intentionally in a composition.
colorThe visual perception of light wavelengths, including hue, saturation, and value.
compositionThe arrangement and organization of elements within a work of art or design.
connectionA principle of design that links or relates elements within a composition.
contrastA principle of design that uses differences between elements to create visual interest.
drawing skillsTechniques and abilities demonstrated through the creation of drawings, including line work, shading, perspective, and mark-making.
emphasisA principle of design that draws attention to a focal point or dominant element.
figure/ground relationshipThe visual relationship between a primary subject and the background or surrounding space.
formA three-dimensional element with volume and mass.
hierarchyA principle of design that organizes elements in order of importance or visual dominance.
juxtapositionA principle of design that places contrasting elements side by side for effect.
layerOverlapping elements or materials placed one on top of another.
light and shadeThe use of light and dark values to create dimension and form in drawing.
lineA mark or stroke that extends in one direction, used as a fundamental element in art and design.
mark-makingThe application of marks or strokes to create visual effects and demonstrate drawing technique.
massThe visual weight or bulk of a three-dimensional form.
movementA principle of design that guides the viewer's eye through a composition.
occupied/unoccupied spaceThe relationship between solid forms and the empty space surrounding or within them.
opacityThe quality of being opaque or not transparent.
planeA flat surface with length and width.
pointA basic visual element representing a location or mark in space.
proportionA principle of design concerning the relative size and scale of elements in relation to each other.
repetitionA principle of design that repeats elements to create unity and rhythm.
rhythmA principle of design that creates a pattern of repetition and variation.
scaleA principle of design relating to the size of elements relative to the whole composition or viewer.
shapeA two-dimensional area defined by edges or boundaries.
spaceThe area around, between, and within objects in a composition.
surfaceThe outer layer or plane of a work that can be manipulated through various techniques.
textureThe surface quality of a work that can be actual or implied through visual representation.
timeAn element in art and design that can suggest movement, sequence, or duration.
transparencyThe quality of allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be seen.
unityA principle of design that creates a sense of wholeness through consistency and coherence.
valueThe relative lightness or darkness of a color or tone.
varietyA principle of design that introduces diversity and visual interest through different elements.
visual evidenceObservable elements within a work of art or design that demonstrate or support artistic decisions and relationships.
volumeThe amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a form or mass.

🤔Unit 3 – Portfolio Analysis

3.1 Explaining Ideas and Process

TermDefinition
2-D skillsArtistic and design techniques demonstrated in two-dimensional works, such as the skillful use of color, composition, and visual elements on a flat surface.
3-D skillsArtistic and design techniques demonstrated in three-dimensional works, involving spatial awareness, form, volume, and the manipulation of materials in space.
documentationThe process of recording and presenting experiences, processes, and investigations that can be shared with viewers or presented as part of a sustained artistic or design study.
drawing skillsTechniques and abilities demonstrated through the creation of drawings, including line work, shading, perspective, and mark-making.
ideasConcepts, themes, and intellectual content that artists and designers choose to explore and communicate through their work.
materialsThe physical substances and resources used by artists and designers to create works, such as paint, clay, metal, or digital media.
observational drawingA process of creating a drawing by carefully observing and depicting the subject being drawn.
processesThe methods, techniques, and procedures that artists and designers employ to create their work.
synthesisThe integration or coalescence of materials, processes, and ideas within a work of art or design to create unified visual connections.
visual evidenceObservable elements within a work of art or design that demonstrate or support artistic decisions and relationships.

3.4 Explanation of Artistic Processes

TermDefinition
clarityThe overall legibility and distinctness of digital images submitted for portfolio evaluation.
digital submission specificationsThe technical requirements and file format standards for submitting images to the AP Art and Design Digital Portfolio.
documentationThe process of recording and presenting experiences, processes, and investigations that can be shared with viewers or presented as part of a sustained artistic or design study.
focusThe sharpness and clarity of detail in a photograph of artwork or process documentation.
formal presentationAn official way of showing a collection of completed works publicly to multiple viewers.
high-resolution imageA digital image file with high pixel density that captures maximum detail and quality for editing and archival purposes.
ideasConcepts, themes, and intellectual content that artists and designers choose to explore and communicate through their work.
image qualityThe clarity, focus, lighting, contrast, and overall legibility of digital photographs of artwork and process documentation.
informal presentationA casual way of showing work, such as displaying work in progress and asking for feedback on specific components.
lightingThe illumination used when photographing works of art and design to ensure clear visibility and accurate representation.
materialsThe physical substances and resources used by artists and designers to create works, such as paint, clay, metal, or digital media.
presentationThe act of displaying or showing works of art and design to viewers in a way that influences how the work is interpreted and perceived.
process documentationThe recording of images and information showing the steps, techniques, and development of creating a work of art or design.
processesThe methods, techniques, and procedures that artists and designers employ to create their work.
viewer interpretationThe meanings, understandings, and responses that audiences derive from viewing and experiencing art and design.

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