11.6 Contemporary black women in science and medicine
12 min read•august 21, 2024
Black women have made significant strides in science and medicine, overcoming systemic barriers to contribute groundbreaking research and innovations. From early trailblazers like to modern pioneers like , their work has advanced scientific knowledge and challenged societal norms.
Despite progress, challenges persist, including discrimination, lack of mentorship, and work-life balance issues. Educational initiatives, professional organizations, and increased media representation are working to address these obstacles. The future holds promise for black women in emerging STEM fields, with potential for global impact and leadership in shaping ethical frameworks.
Pioneers in STEM fields
Black women have made significant contributions to STEM fields throughout history, overcoming systemic barriers and discrimination
Their pioneering work has paved the way for future generations of black women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
These trailblazers have not only advanced scientific knowledge but also challenged societal norms and expectations
Early trailblazers and mentors
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Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler became the first African American woman to earn a medical degree in the United States in 1864
Mathematician Katherine Johnson calculated trajectories for NASA space missions, including the Apollo 11 moon landing
Dr. Marie Maynard Daly, the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry, conducted groundbreaking research on cholesterol and hypertension
These pioneers often served as mentors, inspiring and guiding younger generations of black women in STEM
Breaking barriers in academia
became the first African American woman to earn a doctorate from MIT in 1973
, the first African American woman in space, later became a professor at Cornell University
Challenges faced included limited access to educational opportunities, discrimination in admissions, and lack of representation in faculty positions
Persistence and excellence in their fields led to increased representation and leadership roles in prestigious institutions
Contributions to scientific research
invented the Laserphaco Probe, revolutionizing cataract surgery and restoring sight to millions
Biochemist made significant discoveries in cancer research, particularly in cell biology and chemotherapy
's mathematical modeling contributed to the development of GPS technology
These contributions span various fields, including medicine, physics, computer science, and engineering, demonstrating the breadth of black women's impact in STEM
Medical breakthroughs
Black women have been at the forefront of numerous medical advancements, significantly improving public health and patient care
Their work has often focused on addressing and improving outcomes for underserved communities
These breakthroughs have ranged from innovative treatments to groundbreaking research methodologies
Advancements in public health
, the first African American U.S. Surgeon General, championed comprehensive sex education and HIV/AIDS awareness
Epidemiologist developed frameworks for understanding and addressing racism's impact on health outcomes
's research led to nationwide sickle cell disease screening for newborns
These advancements have improved disease prevention, health education, and access to care for marginalized communities
Innovations in medical treatments
pioneered chemotherapy techniques, developing new methods for administering cancer drugs
, the first African American woman neurosurgeon, specialized in pediatric neurosurgery and developed new techniques for treating hydrocephalus
Dr. Patricia Era Bath's invention of the Laserphaco Probe revolutionized cataract surgery, making it more precise and less invasive
These innovations have improved patient outcomes, reduced recovery times, and made treatments more accessible
Research on health disparities
's work focuses on patient-centered strategies to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare
conducts research on HIV/AIDS prevention in African American communities
Studies have revealed disparities in maternal mortality rates, chronic disease prevalence, and access to quality healthcare
This research has led to targeted interventions, policy changes, and improved cultural competence in healthcare delivery
Representation in technology
Black women have made significant strides in the technology sector, despite facing numerous challenges and underrepresentation
Their contributions have spanned various areas, from software development to artificial intelligence and cybersecurity
Increasing representation has led to more diverse perspectives in product development and problem-solving approaches
Black women in Silicon Valley
founded , providing young girls of color opportunities to learn computer science
served as CEO of TaskRabbit, leading the company through its acquisition by IKEA
, founder of Backstage Capital, invests in startups led by underrepresented founders, including women of color
Challenges include lack of diversity in leadership positions, limited access to venture capital, and workplace discrimination
Entrepreneurship and startups
founded Uncharted Power, developing renewable energy solutions through kinetic energy harvesting
co-founded Partpic, an AI-powered visual recognition technology for identifying replacement parts
created CreditStacker, a financial literacy app that gamifies learning about credit and personal finance
These entrepreneurs have created innovative solutions while also addressing social and economic issues affecting their communities
Advocacy for diversity in tech
, an AI ethics researcher, has been vocal about the need for diversity in AI development to prevent bias
, VP at Google, has over 200 patents and advocates for increasing diversity in engineering teams
Organizations like Black Women in Technology and Black Girls Hack provide support networks and resources
Advocacy efforts focus on increasing representation, improving workplace cultures, and addressing bias in technology development
Challenges and obstacles
Black women in STEM fields continue to face numerous challenges that can impede their career progression and overall well-being
These obstacles are often rooted in systemic racism, sexism, and longstanding biases within scientific and technological industries
Addressing these challenges requires concerted efforts from institutions, policymakers, and industry leaders
Discrimination and bias
Microaggressions in the workplace, such as dismissive comments or assumptions about competence, are common experiences
Hiring and promotion biases often result in underrepresentation of black women in leadership positions
Pay disparities persist, with black women in STEM often earning less than their white and male counterparts
Stereotype threat can negatively impact performance and confidence in academic and professional settings
Work-life balance issues
Lack of flexible work arrangements can disproportionately affect black women with caregiving responsibilities
Limited parental leave policies may force difficult choices between career advancement and family planning
High-pressure work environments in STEM fields can lead to burnout and mental health challenges
Cultural expectations and family obligations may create additional stressors for black women balancing career and personal life
Lack of mentorship opportunities
Scarcity of black women in senior positions results in fewer potential mentors who share similar experiences
Limited access to informal networks and "sponsorship" can hinder career advancement opportunities
Absence of role models in specific STEM fields may discourage young black women from pursuing certain careers
Existing mentorship programs may not adequately address the unique challenges faced by black women in STEM
Educational initiatives
Educational programs targeting black women and girls in STEM have emerged as a crucial strategy for increasing representation
These initiatives aim to address the pipeline issue by providing early exposure, support, and resources for STEM education
Historically black colleges and universities () play a vital role in producing black STEM graduates
STEM programs for girls
Black Girls Code offers workshops and summer camps teaching computer science and programming skills
The provides role models and mentors for middle school girls interested in STEM
focuses on closing the gender gap in technology through clubs, summer immersion programs, and college loops
These programs often incorporate culturally relevant curricula and address issues of representation and belonging
Historically black colleges and universities
HBCUs produce a disproportionate number of black STEM graduates, despite representing a small percentage of U.S. institutions
Spelman College, an all-women's HBCU, is a leading producer of black women who earn doctorates in STEM fields
Howard University's STEM programs have produced numerous notable alumni, including the first African American woman neurosurgeon
HBCUs often provide supportive environments, smaller class sizes, and targeted resources for black students in STEM
Scholarships and grants
offers various scholarships specifically for black students pursuing STEM degrees
The National Science Foundation's HBCU-UP program provides funding for STEM education and research at HBCUs
Corporate initiatives like the Apple HBCU Scholars Program offer financial support and internship opportunities
These financial resources help address the economic barriers that may prevent black women from pursuing STEM education
Professional organizations
Professional organizations play a crucial role in supporting and advancing the careers of black women in STEM fields
These groups provide networking opportunities, professional development resources, and advocacy platforms
Many organizations focus on addressing the unique challenges faced by black women in predominantly white and male industries
Support networks for black women
offers networking events, workshops, and career development resources
The provides professional support and promotes diversity in engineering
brings together professionals for networking, career advancement, and technology discussions
These networks create safe spaces for sharing experiences, seeking advice, and building professional relationships
Mentorship and leadership programs
The AAAS IF/THEN Ambassadors program pairs successful women in STEM with aspiring young professionals
The Executive Leadership Council's STEM Leadership Program develops high-potential black executives in STEM fields
Black Girls Do STEM offers mentorship programs connecting young black women with established professionals
These programs focus on career guidance, skill development, and navigating workplace challenges specific to black women in STEM
Advocacy for policy changes
The advocates for increasing diversity in engineering education and careers
The works to achieve equity and full participation of women in STEM
promotes inclusivity and diversity in artificial intelligence research and development
Advocacy efforts focus on issues such as pay equity, workplace discrimination, and increased funding for diversity initiatives in STEM
Impact on healthcare
Black women in STEM have made significant contributions to improving healthcare outcomes and addressing health disparities
Their work has led to more inclusive medical research, culturally competent care, and targeted interventions for underserved communities
These efforts have broader implications for public health policy and medical education
Addressing racial health disparities
Dr. Marcella Nunez-Smith leads research on promoting health equity for structurally marginalized populations
Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford's work focuses on obesity treatment and addressing weight bias in healthcare
Studies have revealed disparities in maternal mortality rates, chronic disease prevalence, and access to quality care
Interventions developed by black women researchers often target social determinants of health and systemic barriers to care
Cultural competence in medicine
Dr. Vanessa Northington Gamble's research on the history of race and American medicine informs current medical education
Dr. Uché Blackstock advocates for addressing racial bias in medical education and clinical practice
Development of culturally tailored health interventions and communication strategies to improve patient outcomes
Efforts to increase diversity in medical school admissions and faculty positions to better reflect patient populations
Community outreach and education
Dr. Regina Benjamin, former U.S. Surgeon General, emphasizes preventive care and health education in underserved communities
Dr. Aletha Maybank leads the American Medical Association's Center for Health Equity, focusing on community-based solutions
Implementation of community health worker programs to bridge gaps between healthcare systems and marginalized populations
Development of health literacy initiatives and culturally appropriate educational materials to empower communities
Recognition and awards
Awards and recognition play a crucial role in highlighting the achievements of black women in STEM fields
These honors not only celebrate individual accomplishments but also inspire future generations and increase visibility
Recognition often leads to increased funding opportunities, career advancement, and broader impact of research
Nobel Prize recipients
Dr. Jennifer Doudna, co-inventor of CRISPR gene-editing technology, received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020
While no black women have yet received a Nobel Prize in STEM fields, their contributions have been foundational to Nobel-winning work
Efforts to increase diversity in Nobel nominations and selection committees aim to address historical underrepresentation
MacArthur Genius Grant winners
Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt, social psychologist studying racial bias, received the MacArthur Fellowship in 2014
Dr. Tressie McMillan Cottom, sociologist and writer on technology and higher education, was awarded the grant in 2020
Dr. Danielle Wood, space technologies researcher focusing on sustainability, received the fellowship in 2020
These grants provide unrestricted funding, allowing recipients to pursue innovative research and creative projects
National Medal of Science honorees
Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson, theoretical physicist and former president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, received the medal in 2014
Dr. Mary L. Good, chemist and advocate for science education, was awarded the medal in 1991
Dr. Jewel Plummer Cobb, cell biologist and cancer researcher, received the medal in 1990
This prestigious award recognizes lifetime achievements in scientific research and contributions to the field
Media representation
Media representation of black women in STEM has a significant impact on public perception and career aspirations
Increased visibility in various media formats helps challenge stereotypes and inspire young people to pursue STEM careers
Authentic portrayals of black women scientists and technologists contribute to changing narratives about who belongs in STEM
Portrayals in film and television
The film "Hidden Figures" highlighted the contributions of black women mathematicians at NASA during the Space Race
TV series like "Bones" and "NCIS" feature black women characters in prominent scientific roles
Documentaries such as "Picture a Scientist" include stories of black women overcoming challenges in STEM fields
These portrayals help normalize the image of black women as scientists, engineers, and technology experts
Social media influencers in STEM
Dr. Kizzmekia Corbett, immunologist involved in COVID-19 vaccine development, uses social media to educate about science
Physicist Dr. Chanda Prescod-Weinstein shares insights about astrophysics and advocates for diversity in science on Twitter
YouTube channels like "The Geeky Brunette" and "The STEM Belle" showcase black women in tech and engineering
These influencers provide accessible STEM content, career advice, and representation for aspiring black women in STEM
Books and publications by black women
"" by Dr. Chanda Prescod-Weinstein explores physics, race, and gender in science
"" by Dr. Safiya Noble examines bias in search engine algorithms and technology
"" by Dr. Charlton McIlwain chronicles the history of African Americans in computing
These publications offer critical perspectives on STEM fields, addressing issues of diversity, equity, and the societal impact of technology
Future prospects
The future of black women in STEM holds both promising opportunities and ongoing challenges
Emerging technologies and fields present new avenues for innovation and leadership
Continued efforts to increase diversity and inclusion are crucial for realizing the full potential of black women's contributions to STEM
Emerging fields and opportunities
Artificial intelligence and machine learning offer opportunities for addressing bias and developing ethical AI systems
Biotechnology and genomics present avenues for personalized medicine and addressing health disparities
Climate science and sustainable technologies provide platforms for addressing environmental justice issues
These emerging fields allow for innovative approaches that incorporate diverse perspectives and experiences
Increasing diversity in STEM
Corporate initiatives focusing on recruitment, retention, and promotion of black women in STEM careers
Educational programs targeting early exposure to STEM for young black girls, from elementary through high school
Policy efforts to increase funding for STEM education and research at HBCUs and minority-serving institutions
Development of inclusive workplace cultures that value diversity and promote equity in STEM fields
Potential for global impact
Black women in STEM are poised to address global challenges such as climate change, food security, and healthcare access
International collaborations and research partnerships can leverage diverse perspectives for innovative solutions
Potential for technology transfer and knowledge sharing to benefit developing countries and underserved communities
Leadership in shaping ethical frameworks for emerging technologies and their societal implications
Key Terms to Review (47)
AAAS If/Then Ambassadors Program: The AAAS If/Then Ambassadors Program is an initiative aimed at empowering women in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) by providing them with a platform to inspire and engage the next generation of girls. It focuses on showcasing the accomplishments of female scientists and engineers, encouraging young women to pursue careers in these fields through mentorship and visibility.
Advocacy for equitable healthcare access: Advocacy for equitable healthcare access refers to the efforts and actions taken to ensure that all individuals, regardless of their race, gender, socioeconomic status, or geographic location, can obtain necessary health services without facing barriers. This advocacy is critical in addressing health disparities and promoting social justice within the healthcare system, particularly emphasizing the unique challenges faced by marginalized communities.
Algorithms of oppression: Algorithms of oppression refer to the ways in which algorithmic processes and data-driven technologies can reinforce and perpetuate systemic biases and inequalities, particularly affecting marginalized groups. This concept highlights how data, often viewed as objective, can actually reflect and amplify existing social injustices when not critically examined. It is particularly relevant in discussions about technology's role in healthcare and science, where these algorithms can affect decision-making processes and access to resources.
Angel Rich: Angel Rich is a notable entrepreneur and innovator recognized for her work in financial literacy and technology, particularly focused on addressing the financial education gap among marginalized communities. She is the founder of a financial literacy app called 'Clever Girl Finance' that aims to empower users, especially women of color, with tools and knowledge to manage their finances effectively.
Arlan Hamilton: Arlan Hamilton is a prominent venture capitalist and entrepreneur known for founding Backstage Capital, a firm that invests in underrepresented founders, particularly Black women, LGBTQ individuals, and people of color. Her work has reshaped the landscape of investment by addressing the funding disparities that marginalized groups face in the startup ecosystem.
Association for Women in Science (AWIS): The Association for Women in Science (AWIS) is a non-profit organization established to advocate for the inclusion of women in all areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). AWIS focuses on advancing women’s leadership and equity in these fields while providing support through networking, mentorship, and professional development. The organization plays a crucial role in empowering contemporary black women in science and medicine by addressing barriers and promoting opportunities for advancement.
Black Girls Code: Black Girls Code is a nonprofit organization founded to empower young girls of color by teaching them computer programming and digital skills. This initiative aims to close the gender and racial gap in technology fields, helping girls build confidence and gain essential skills that are increasingly important in today’s economy.
Black in AI: Black in AI refers to the growing movement aimed at increasing the representation and participation of Black individuals in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and related technologies. This movement addresses historical inequalities, advocates for equitable access to AI education, and highlights the importance of diversity in shaping AI systems that serve all communities fairly.
Black software: Black software refers to the use of technology and digital platforms created and maintained by Black individuals, often serving as tools for empowerment, communication, and community building. This term highlights the unique contributions of Black women in the fields of science and medicine, particularly in how they leverage technology to address systemic disparities and innovate solutions tailored to the needs of their communities.
Black Women in Science and Engineering (BWISE): Black Women in Science and Engineering (BWISE) refers to the growing presence and contributions of Black women in scientific and engineering fields. This term encompasses their educational journeys, professional achievements, and the unique challenges they face in historically male-dominated and racially exclusive environments. BWISE highlights the importance of representation and support for Black women in STEM disciplines, encouraging future generations to pursue careers in these areas.
Cultural competence in medicine: Cultural competence in medicine refers to the ability of healthcare providers to understand, respect, and effectively interact with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. This concept emphasizes the importance of recognizing cultural differences in health beliefs, practices, and communication styles to improve patient care and outcomes. It involves ongoing self-reflection, education, and adapting healthcare practices to meet the unique needs of patients, particularly marginalized groups.
Dr. Alexa Canady: Dr. Alexa Canady is a pioneering African American neurosurgeon who became the first woman of color to earn a medical degree in neurosurgery in the United States. Her groundbreaking achievements in a male-dominated field have made her a significant figure in contemporary medicine, serving as an inspiration for future generations of black women in science and medicine.
Dr. Ayana Elizabeth Johnson: Dr. Ayana Elizabeth Johnson is a prominent marine biologist, policy expert, and advocate for climate action who focuses on the intersection of science and social justice. She has worked tirelessly to promote environmental conservation, particularly concerning the effects of climate change on coastal communities, while also emphasizing the importance of inclusivity and diversity in science and policy-making.
Dr. Camara Jones: Dr. Camara Jones is a prominent public health physician and researcher known for her work on the social determinants of health and racial disparities in healthcare. Her contributions emphasize the importance of addressing systemic racism in health and medicine, advocating for equity in healthcare access and treatment. Jones's influential work has made her a key figure in promoting health equity, particularly concerning the experiences of Black women in the field of science and medicine.
Dr. Donna Hubbard McCree: Dr. Donna Hubbard McCree is a prominent public health expert recognized for her significant contributions to addressing health disparities among African American women and communities. She plays a crucial role in research, policy development, and advocacy efforts aimed at improving health outcomes and access to care for marginalized populations, particularly in the fields of reproductive health and chronic disease prevention.
Dr. Gladys West: Dr. Gladys West is an African American mathematician whose work in satellite geodesy played a crucial role in the development of GPS technology. Her contributions, often overlooked, highlight the impact of Black women in scientific fields, academia, and their pioneering roles in advancing technology and mathematics.
Dr. Jane Cooke Wright: Dr. Jane Cooke Wright was a pioneering African American oncologist and medical researcher known for her groundbreaking work in chemotherapy during the mid-20th century. Her innovative approach in developing new cancer treatment methods has had a lasting impact on modern medicine and represents a significant milestone in the contributions of Black women to the field of science and healthcare.
Dr. Jewel Plummer Cobb: Dr. Jewel Plummer Cobb was a pioneering African American cell biologist and educator, known for her significant contributions to the fields of science and medicine. Her work focused on cancer research and the effects of cancer treatments, particularly how they impact African American women. Dr. Cobb's legacy extends beyond her scientific achievements, as she was also a passionate advocate for increasing diversity in the sciences, inspiring future generations of black women in STEM fields.
Dr. Joycelyn Elders: Dr. Joycelyn Elders is a prominent American physician and public health advocate, known for her groundbreaking role as the first African American and the second woman to serve as the U.S. Surgeon General from 1993 to 1994. Her tenure is notable for her outspoken views on health education, sexual health, and the importance of addressing health disparities among marginalized communities, particularly impacting contemporary black women in science and medicine.
Dr. Kizzmekia Corbett: Dr. Kizzmekia Corbett is a renowned African American immunologist who played a pivotal role in the development of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. Her work not only highlights the contributions of Black women in science and medicine but also underscores the importance of diversity in research settings, particularly during public health crises.
Dr. Lisa Cooper: Dr. Lisa Cooper is a prominent physician and researcher known for her work in health disparities, particularly as they affect African American communities. Her research focuses on understanding the social and cultural factors that influence health outcomes and access to care, making significant contributions to the fields of medicine and public health.
Dr. Mae Jemison: Dr. Mae Jemison is an American physician and NASA astronaut, renowned for being the first African American woman to travel in space aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992. Her groundbreaking achievement represents significant professional advancements for women of color in STEM fields, and her work continues to inspire contemporary black women in science and medicine.
Dr. Marilyn Hughes Gaston: Dr. Marilyn Hughes Gaston is a pioneering African American physician and public health advocate, renowned for her groundbreaking work in sickle cell disease research and healthcare policy. Her contributions have significantly advanced the understanding and treatment of sickle cell disease, and she has played a crucial role in increasing awareness and access to care for affected individuals, particularly within the Black community.
Dr. Patricia Bath: Dr. Patricia Bath was a pioneering African American ophthalmologist, inventor, and advocate for public health who became the first African American woman to complete a residency in ophthalmology in the United States. Her groundbreaking work focused on the treatment and prevention of blindness, and she is best known for inventing the Laserphaco Probe, a device that revolutionized cataract surgery. Bath's contributions have made significant impacts in the fields of medicine and science, highlighting the important role of Black women in these areas.
Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler: Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first African American woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, graduating in 1864 from New England Female Medical College. Her groundbreaking achievement opened doors for future generations of Black women in medicine and highlighted the vital role they played in healthcare, particularly in underserved communities.
Dr. Shirley Jackson: Dr. Shirley Jackson is a distinguished theoretical physicist whose work has made significant contributions to science and technology. She is renowned for being the first African American woman to earn a doctorate from MIT and has held various leadership positions in academia and research institutions, paving the way for future generations of Black women in science. Her achievements exemplify the increasing presence and impact of Black women in academia, professional advancements, and contemporary scientific fields.
Dr. Timnit Gebru: Dr. Timnit Gebru is a prominent computer scientist and advocate for ethical AI, particularly known for her work on algorithmic bias and the impact of artificial intelligence on marginalized communities. Her research and activism highlight the importance of diversity and representation in technology, aiming to create more equitable systems in the field of AI. She gained significant attention after her controversial departure from Google, which raised critical discussions around diversity, ethics, and corporate practices in the tech industry.
First black woman to earn a medical degree in the U.S.: The first black woman to earn a medical degree in the U.S. was Elizabeth Blackwell, who graduated from Geneva Medical College in 1849. Her achievement not only marked a significant milestone for women in medicine but also challenged racial and gender barriers in a field dominated by white males. Blackwell's legacy has inspired generations of black women to pursue careers in medicine and science, paving the way for increased representation and inclusion in these fields.
Founding of the National Black Nurses Association: The founding of the National Black Nurses Association (NBNA) in 1971 marked a significant milestone in the professional landscape for Black nurses in America, aimed at addressing the unique challenges they faced in the nursing profession. This organization was created to provide a collective voice for Black nurses, advocating for educational and professional opportunities while promoting health equity in the broader community. The NBNA has played an essential role in supporting Black nurses through mentorship, networking, and resource sharing, making a lasting impact on the representation of Black women in healthcare.
Girls Who Code: Girls Who Code is a non-profit organization that aims to close the gender gap in technology by inspiring and equipping young girls with the skills to pursue careers in computer science. The initiative emphasizes creating a supportive environment where girls can learn coding and programming skills, fostering confidence and community among participants, while also addressing the broader issues of gender representation in tech fields.
HBCUs: Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established prior to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the principal mission of educating Black Americans. These colleges and universities play a crucial role in shaping the academic landscape for Black women, contributing to cultural preservation, advancing women in science and medicine, and acknowledging the pioneering achievements of Black female scientists.
Health disparities: Health disparities refer to the significant differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare experienced by different population groups, often influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors. These disparities are particularly pronounced among racial and ethnic minorities, including Black women, who face unique challenges in achieving optimal health due to systemic inequalities and historical marginalization.
Improving health outcomes for marginalized communities: Improving health outcomes for marginalized communities involves enhancing the overall health status and access to quality healthcare services for groups that face social, economic, and environmental disadvantages. This concept recognizes that these communities often experience higher rates of disease, disability, and premature death, and seeks to address the disparities through targeted interventions, education, and advocacy.
Intersectionality: Intersectionality is a framework for understanding how various forms of social identities—such as race, gender, class, and sexuality—intersect and create overlapping systems of discrimination or disadvantage. This concept is crucial for analyzing the unique experiences of individuals who belong to multiple marginalized groups, highlighting how societal structures impact them differently compared to those who may only experience one form of oppression.
Jessica Matthews: Jessica Matthews is a prominent inventor and entrepreneur known for her contributions to the fields of science and technology, particularly in the development of innovative energy solutions. She gained recognition for her invention of the Soccket, a soccer ball that generates electricity when kicked, highlighting her commitment to addressing energy needs in underserved communities. Her work exemplifies the vital role contemporary black women play in advancing science and medicine through creativity and social responsibility.
Jewel Burks Solomon: Jewel Burks Solomon is a prominent figure in the fields of technology and entrepreneurship, recognized for her significant contributions to artificial intelligence and her role as a leader in advocating for diversity in STEM. As a co-founder of a tech company focused on AI, she has worked tirelessly to create pathways for underrepresented groups in science and technology, showcasing the impact of black women in these fields. Her work not only highlights the achievements of black women but also addresses the systemic barriers they face in accessing opportunities in science and medicine.
Kimberly Bryant: Kimberly Bryant is an influential figure in the realm of technology and education, known for her advocacy in increasing diversity within STEM fields, particularly for Black women and girls. She founded Black Girls Code, an organization dedicated to teaching coding and computer programming skills to young Black girls, aiming to empower them and encourage their participation in technology-related careers. Through her work, she has addressed systemic barriers in education and professional environments, working to create more inclusive opportunities for marginalized groups.
Marian Croak: Marian Croak is a pioneering African American engineer and a key figure in the development of voice over internet protocol (VoIP) technology. She has made significant contributions to telecommunications and has broken barriers in a male-dominated field, exemplifying the resilience and innovation of black women in science and medicine.
National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering (NACME): The National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering (NACME) is an organization founded in 1974 that focuses on increasing the representation of underrepresented minorities in the fields of engineering and technology. By providing scholarships, support programs, and partnerships with educational institutions and corporations, NACME aims to address the disparities in STEM education and career opportunities for minorities, particularly African American, Hispanic, and Native American students.
National Science Foundation (NSF) HBCU-UP Program: The National Science Foundation (NSF) HBCU-UP Program is an initiative aimed at increasing the number of underrepresented minorities, particularly Black students, pursuing and completing degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). This program seeks to enhance the research capacity of HBCUs while providing students with essential support and resources to succeed in STEM disciplines.
National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE): The National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE) is a professional organization that aims to promote the academic and professional success of Black engineers in the United States. Founded in 1975, NSBE provides resources, networking opportunities, and advocacy to support the advancement of its members, while also encouraging young people from underrepresented communities to pursue careers in engineering and technology fields.
Stacy Brown-Philpot: Stacy Brown-Philpot is an accomplished business leader and former CEO of TaskRabbit, known for her significant contributions to technology and entrepreneurship. She has focused on empowering communities, particularly through her leadership roles and advocacy for diversity in the tech industry, which showcases the impact contemporary Black women have in science and medicine fields.
The color of medicine: The color of medicine refers to the intersection of race, healthcare, and the experiences of Black women in the medical field, highlighting disparities in access to medical care and representation within the healthcare system. This term emphasizes the systemic issues faced by Black women as both patients and professionals, illustrating how race impacts health outcomes and the overall experience of receiving care.
The disordered cosmos: The disordered cosmos refers to a concept that captures the chaotic and often unjust state of societal systems, particularly how they affect marginalized groups, including Black women. It highlights the disruption caused by systemic inequalities and injustices within scientific and medical fields, illustrating the need for reform and inclusivity to restore balance and order.
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks: The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks refers to the true story of Henrietta Lacks, an African American woman whose cells were taken without her knowledge in 1951 during treatment for cervical cancer. These cells, known as HeLa cells, became one of the most important tools in medicine, leading to groundbreaking advancements in science and research. This narrative highlights issues of ethics, race, and medical exploitation, particularly regarding the contributions of Black individuals to science and medicine.
The United Negro College Fund (UNCF): The United Negro College Fund (UNCF) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1944 that provides financial support for historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and scholarships for African American students. Its mission is to increase the number of African Americans who graduate from college, which has direct implications for the representation of black women in fields like science and medicine, where they have been historically underrepresented. UNCF plays a crucial role in empowering black students by providing the necessary resources for education and professional advancement.
Women of Color in STEM Conference: The Women of Color in STEM Conference is an annual gathering aimed at supporting and uplifting women of color in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. This conference provides a platform for networking, professional development, and mentorship while addressing the unique challenges faced by women of color in these industries, promoting diversity and inclusion within STEM fields.