1. What was Lincoln's basic belief about the constitutional status of the Southern states after the war?

2. What were the main requirements of Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction?

3. How did the Wade-Davis Bill differ from Lincoln's 10-percent plan and why did Congress object to Lincoln's approach?

4. What was the Freedmen's Bureau and what were its major accomplishments and limitations?

1. How did Andrew Johnson's background and beliefs shape his approach to Reconstruction?

2. What were the key provisions of Johnson's Reconstruction plan and how did his use of pardons undermine it?

3. What two major bills did Johnson veto in 1866 and why did these vetoes alienate moderate Republicans?

1. What were the main differences between moderate and Radical Republicans regarding Reconstruction policy?

2. What was Thaddeus Stevens's vision for revolutionizing Southern society during Reconstruction?

1. Why was a constitutional amendment necessary to abolish slavery nationwide and what did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

2. What new possibilities and challenges did emancipation create for the 4 million freedmen and freedwomen?

1. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 declare about African American citizenship and what problem did it address?

2. Why did Republicans seek a constitutional amendment rather than relying solely on the Civil Rights Act?

1. What were the key provisions of the 14th Amendment regarding citizenship and state obligations?

2. How did the 14th Amendment's clauses about equal protection and due process later become important tools for civil rights?

3. What specific Reconstruction requirements did the 14th Amendment impose on former Confederate states?

1. What did the Joint Committee report declare about the authority to determine Reconstruction conditions?

1. How did Johnson's campaign strategy in 1866 backfire and what was the outcome of the election?

2. What political advantage did Republicans gain from their overwhelming victory in the 1866 election?

1. What did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 establish regarding military occupation and readmission requirements?

1. Why did Republicans nominate Ulysses S. Grant and what role did Black voters play in his victory?

2. What realization did even moderate Republicans come to regarding the voting rights of freedmen?

1. What did the 15th Amendment prohibit and what were its limitations in protecting African American voting rights?

1. What protections did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 provide and why was it poorly enforced?

1. Who made up the Republican state governments in the South and what were their different backgrounds and motivations?

2. What derogatory terms did Democrats use for Southern Republicans and Northern newcomers, and what did these groups actually represent?

3. What was the significance of African Americans holding elective office during Reconstruction and how did ex-Confederates react?

1. How did Republican Party leadership change in the early 1870s and what impact did this have on Reconstruction ideals?

2. What were examples of corruption during the Grant administration and how did they affect public trust?

1. Why did Liberal Republicans break with the party in 1872 and what reforms did they advocate?

2. How did the Republican strategy of 'waving the bloody shirt' help Grant win reelection despite scandals?

1. What caused the Panic of 1873 and what were its consequences for Northern workers and Southern African Americans?

2. How did Grant's response to the economic crisis shift the Republican Party's priorities away from Reconstruction?