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AP US History AMSCO Guided Notes

3.12: Movement in the Early Republic

AP US History
AMSCO Guided Notes
3.1 Contextualizing Period 3
3.2 The Seven Years' War
3.3 Taxation Without Representation
3.4 Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution
3.5 The American Revolution
3.6 The Influence of Revolutionary Ideals
3.7 The Articles of Confederation
3.8 The Constitutional Convention and Debates Over Ratification
3.9 The Constitution
3.10 Shaping a New Republic
3.11 Developing an American Identity
3.12 Movement in the Early Republic
3.13 Continuity and Change in Period 3

AP US History Guided Notes

AMSCO 3.12 - Movement in the Early Republic

Learning Objectives

  1. Explain how and why migration and immigration to and within North America caused competition and conflict over time.
  2. Explain the continuities and changes in regional attitudes about slavery as it expanded from 1754 to 1800.
I. Migration and Settlement

1. What role did the Northwest Ordinance play in facilitating westward migration and settlement?

2. What groups of people moved westward during the early Republic and what challenges did they face?

II. American Indians

A. Laws

1. What did the Indian Intercourse Act of 1790 establish regarding federal authority over Native American affairs?

2. Why were the laws designed to protect Native American lands largely ineffective?

B. Resistance

1. How did Native Americans resist settler expansion in the Northwest Territory and what was the outcome?

2. How did British withdrawal from the region after the Revolution affect Native American resistance to American expansion?

C. West of the Mississippi

1. What factors forced many Native American tribes to migrate west of the Mississippi River?

2. What challenges did tribes like the Shawnee and Cherokee face when migrating west of the Mississippi?

D. The Southern Frontier

1. How did Spanish colonial policy toward Native Americans in the South differ from American policy?

III. Population Change

1. What were the three main sources of population growth in the early Republic?

2. Why did the natural increase in population exceed immigration and the slave trade as a source of population growth?

3. What role did pioneers like Daniel Boone play in facilitating westward settlement?

IV. Slavery

A. Cotton

1. How did Eli Whitney's cotton gin transform southern agriculture and the demand for enslaved labor?

2. How did mechanization of the textile industry in Britain and the United States increase the value of cotton?

3. What was the global significance of the combination of the cotton gin and mechanized textile production?

B. Conflict Over Expansion of Slavery

1. Why did plantation owners seek to expand westward after 1800 and where did they primarily settle?

2. What regional conflict emerged as northern opposition to slavery grew?

C. The Movements of Enslaved African Americans

1. What options did enslaved people have to escape bondage and what obstacles did they face?

2. Why did Chesapeake planters have a surplus of enslaved people by the 1790s?

3. How did the interregional slave trade between the Chesapeake and the cotton South differ from earlier slave trading patterns?

4. What were the human consequences of the interregional slave trade for enslaved families?

Key Terms

Northwest Ordinance

Indian Intercourse Act

Battle of Fallen Timbers

Daniel Boone

Eli Whitney

cotton gin