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AP World History AMSCO Guided Notes

4.1: Technological Innovations

AP World History
AMSCO Guided Notes
4.1 Technological Innovations
4.2 Exploration: Causes and Events
4.3 Columbian Exchange
4.4 Maritime Empires Link Regions
4.5 Maritime Empires Develop
4.6 Internal and External Challenges to State Power
4.7 Changing Social Hierarchies
4.8 Continuity and Change from c. 1450 to c. 1750

AP World History Guided Notes

AMSCO 4.1 - Technological Innovations

Essential Questions

  1. How did cross-cultural interactions spread technology and facilitate changes in trade and travel from 1450 to 1750?
I. Technological Innovations

1. What technological innovations allowed Europeans to venture long distances on the ocean?

2. What demographic pressures motivated Europeans to explore and settle in new areas?

A. Developments of Transoceanic Travel and Trade

1. How did the Indian Ocean trade routes connect Europe to Asia before the 16th century?

2. What goods did European traders exchange between the Americas, Africa, and Asia?

3. How did women in Southeast Asia differ from other regions in their role in European trade?

B. Classical, Islamic, and Asian Technology

1. How did European sailors combine classical Greek navigation traditions with Islamic and Asian knowledge?

2. What role did Prince Henry the Navigator play in Portuguese exploration?

1. Advances in Ideas

1. How did Newton's discovery of gravitation improve the safety of ocean navigation?

2. What is an astronomical chart and how did mariners use it for navigation?

3. How did the introduction of telescopes in 1609 improve the creation of astronomical charts?

2. Advances in Equipment

1. How does the magnetic compass work and why was it important for navigation?

2. What advantages did the lateen sail provide over ancient square sails?

3. How did ship builders adapt ship design to improve efficiency and expand trade routes?

4. What were the key differences between the carrack, caravel, and fluyt ships?

C. Long-Term Results

1. How did the combination of European and non-European navigational techniques affect global exploration and trade?

2. How did gunpowder technology influence European conquests and maritime activities?

3. How did Peter the Great's visit to Western Europe in 1697 reflect the spread of navigational and military technology?

Key Terms

primogeniture laws

Omani-European rivalry

maritime empires

cartography

astronomical chart