1. What is migration and how do push and pull factors work together to influence where people move?

2. How do the terms immigrant and emigrant differ in describing the same person's movement?

1. Why is economic opportunity the most common reason people migrate?

2. How did mechanization and farm consolidation in rural China create push factors for migration?

1. How do discrimination and persecution function as push factors for migration?

2. What role do kinship links play in determining where migrants choose to settle?

1. How do political persecution and government policies create push factors that force people to migrate?

1. What environmental conditions drive migration and why do migrants seek areas without similar environmental stresses?

1. How does Zelinsky's migration transition model connect population growth to migration patterns between countries?

2. Why do people from Stage 2 and 3 countries migrate to Stage 4 and 5 countries?

1. What are intervening obstacles and how do they affect migrants' ability to reach their intended destinations?

2. How can intervening opportunities disrupt a migrant's original migration plan?

1. What is distance decay and how does it explain migration patterns?

2. Why do long-distance migrants typically settle in large urban areas rather than small cities?

3. How does the gravity model of migration use population size and distance to predict migration flows?

1. What is step migration and why do migrants often move through a series of intermediate locations?

2. Why has rural-to-urban migration been the most common migration pattern throughout history?

3. What is counter migration and how does return migration differ from other forms of counter migration?

1. Why are most international migrants young adults between ages 20 and 45?

2. How do gender patterns differ between international and internal migration, and what factors explain these differences?

3. What trends are changing the historical pattern of male-dominated international migration?

1. What is forced migration and what are the primary reasons people are forced to migrate today?

2. How did the African slave trade represent the largest forced migration in history?

1. How do internally displaced persons differ from refugees in terms of where they relocate?

2. What is asylum and why do political refugees seek it when arriving in destination countries?

3. Why do refugees typically cluster in neighboring countries rather than traveling to distant destinations?

1. What is internal migration and why is rural-to-urban migration one of the most important phenomena reshaping the world?

2. How does step migration operate in the process of rural-to-urban migration?

1. What is transnational migration and how does chain migration help migrants transition to receiving countries?

1. What are guest workers and why do countries in the Persian Gulf rely heavily on guest worker programs?

2. What is transhumance and how does it differ from permanent migration?

1. How has Europe's role in international migration changed since the mid-20th century?

2. What regions have been the primary sources of migrants to the United States during different historical periods?

1. Why did the U.S. government place few restrictions on immigration before the 1880s?

2. How did the Homestead Act encourage immigration and who primarily benefited from this policy?

3. What types of policies do modern governments use to encourage immigration of skilled workers?

1. How do guest-worker policies regulate the flow of temporary workers into countries?

2. What are family reunification policies and how do they facilitate immigration?

3. What reasons do countries cite for restricting immigration, and how do xenophobia and cultural homogeneity influence these restrictions?

1. How does emigration relieve overcrowding in countries of origin?

2. What are remittances and why are they economically important to some countries?

3. What is brain drain and how does it negatively affect countries of origin?

4. How does emigration of working-age people create a dependency ratio problem in countries of origin?

1. What cultural and economic contributions do immigrants make to receiving countries?

2. How do ethnic enclaves contribute to cultural diversity in receiving countries?

3. What types of conflicts can arise between immigrants and native-born citizens in receiving countries?

1. What were the major push and pull factors that drove the Great Migration from the South?

2. How did government policies and environmental factors contribute to migration to the Sun Belt after World War II?