1. What were the 95 Theses and what specific Church practices did Luther denounce in this document?

2. What four major abuses of Church authority did Luther's protest movement object to?

3. How did the printing press contribute to the spread of Luther's ideas throughout Europe?

1. What was the significance of the Diet of Worms and what choice did Luther face there?

2. How did Charles V and the Catholic Church respond to Luther's refusal to recant at the Diet of Worms?

3. Why did some German rulers protect Luther despite the Church's condemnation?

1. What is sola scriptura and how did Luther's translation of the Bible support this principle?

2. What is sola fide and how did Luther's belief in faith alone differ from Catholic teachings on salvation?

3. What does the concept of 'the priesthood of all believers' mean and how did it challenge Church hierarchy?

4. How did Luther's belief in consubstantiation differ from the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation?

1. What were John Calvin's two unique theological ideas and how did they differ from Luther's teachings?

2. What is predestination and how did Calvin use the concept of the elect to encourage moral behavior?

1. How did Calvin's teachings about wealth and hard work complement the rise of capitalism and the middle class?

2. Why did Calvinist ideas take root in banking centers like Geneva and Amsterdam?

1. What grievances motivated German peasants to rebel in 1524-1525 and what did the Twelve Articles demand?

2. Why did Martin Luther refuse to support the peasants' rebellion despite their claims to be following his teachings?

3. What was the outcome of the German Peasants' War and what were its consequences?

1. What were the core beliefs of the Anabaptists and how did they challenge both Catholic and Protestant teachings?

2. Why were Anabaptists persecuted by both Catholics and other Protestant groups, and what was one consequence of this persecution?