Growth hormone (GH)

Definition

Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration. It plays a crucial role in human development, metabolism, and overall body composition.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. GH secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus through growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin.
2. GH promotes the growth of bones and muscles by stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the liver.
3. Levels of GH are highest during childhood and adolescence but decline with age.
4. Disorders related to GH include gigantism or acromegaly in cases of overproduction, and dwarfism in cases of underproduction.
5. GH has metabolic effects such as increasing protein synthesis, promoting lipolysis, and reducing glucose uptake by tissues.

Review Questions

Related terms

Hypothalamus:

The brain region controlling the release of several hormones including GHRH and somatostatin.

Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1): A hormone produced mainly by the liver that mediates many of the effects of GH on growth.

Anterior Pituitary Gland: The front portion of the pituitary gland responsible for releasing several key hormones including GH.