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俳句 (haiku) in AP Japanese Language and Culture
Definition
俳句は、5・7・5の17音で構成される日本独自の短詩形式です。季節を表す「季語」を必ず含むことが伝統的なルールとされており、自然や日常の一瞬を簡潔に切り取る表現が特徴です。松尾芭蕉が俳句を芸術として確立し、現在も学校教育や俳句甲子園などを通じて広く親しまれています。
This definition is part of Fiveable's AP Japanese Language and Culture review, which also has guided practice questions.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- 俳句は5・7・5の17音から成り、世界で最も短い詩形式の一つとされている。
- 松尾芭蕉(1644〜1694年)が俳句を高い芸術形式として確立し、「古池や蛙飛び込む水の音」などの名句を残した。
- 俳句には季語(季節を示す言葉)を入れることが伝統的なルールとされており、自然との共生という日本の価値観を反映している。
- 愛媛県松山市は正岡子規の出身地として知られ、「俳句の聖地」と呼ばれ、毎年高校生の全国大会「俳句甲子園」が開催される。
- 俳句は現在も日本の小学校から授業で教えられており、日本文化の中で生きた詩形式として受け継がれている。
Review Questions
- What is a kigo, and why is it considered an essential element of traditional haiku?
- A kigo is a seasonal reference word that must be included in a traditional haiku to indicate the time of year. It is considered essential because it connects the poem to the natural world and reflects the Japanese cultural value of living in harmony with nature and being sensitive to seasonal change.
- Who is Matsuo Bashō, and what is his significance in the history of Japanese haiku?
- Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) is credited with elevating haiku from a playful linked-verse game into a serious literary art form. His travel journal Oku no Hosomichi (Narrow Road to the Deep North) combines haiku and prose and is considered a masterpiece of Japanese literature.
- How does the Haiku Kōshien reflect the ongoing cultural importance of haiku in contemporary Japan?
- The Haiku Kōshien is a national haiku competition for high school students held annually in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture. Its existence demonstrates that haiku remains a living, practiced art form in Japan, taught in schools and celebrated as part of national cultural identity rather than being merely a historical artifact.
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