ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): ICMP is an Internet Layer protocol used by network devices to send error messages indicating issues with packet delivery.
RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol): RTP is a protocol designed for real-time transmission of multimedia data such as audio and video over IP networks.
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): VoIP refers to technologies that allow voice communication over IP networks, enabling phone calls to be made using the internet instead of traditional telephone lines.