Decentralized Education System: In contrast to a centralized education system, a decentralized education system grants more autonomy and decision-making power to individual schools or local authorities.
Standardized Testing: Standardized testing refers to assessments that are administered uniformly across different schools or regions. They aim to measure students' knowledge and skills based on predetermined criteria.
National Curriculum: A national curriculum is a standardized set of learning objectives and content that all schools within a country are required to teach. It ensures consistency in educational expectations across different regions.