Convergence & Partial Sums
Infinite series ∑aₙ converges to S if lim(n→∞) Sₙ = S, where Sₙ = a₁ + a₂ + ... + aₙ (nth partial sum).
Geometric series: ∑(n=0 to ∞) arⁿ = a/(1−r) when |r| < 1; diverges if |r| ≥ 1.
nth Term Test (Divergence Only): If lim(n→∞) aₙ ≠ 0, series diverges. If lim(n→∞) aₙ = 0, test is inconclusive.
Key trap: aₙ → 0 does NOT guarantee convergence.