Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated August 2025
Verified for the 2027 exam
Verified for the 2027 exam•Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated August 2025
Definition
The socioeconomic stratum of African American professionals, business owners, and educated workers whose emergence in the twentieth century represented economic advancement, though disparities in wealth relative to white families persisted.
AP course connection
Topic 4.15: 4.15 Economic Growth and Black Political Representation