Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Definition

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is a network of membranous tubules and sacs studded with ribosomes. It is involved in protein synthesis and quality control within eukaryotic cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. RER is characterized by the presence of ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface, giving it a 'rough' appearance under a microscope.
2. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis of membrane-bound and secretory proteins.
3. Proteins synthesized in the RER are often transported to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and sorting.
4. The lumen of the RER provides an environment for proper folding and post-translational modifications of newly synthesized proteins.
5. Malfunctions in the RER can lead to diseases such as cystic fibrosis and various protein misfolding disorders.

Review Questions

Related terms

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): A form of endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.

Golgi Apparatus:

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the rough ER for secretion or use within the cell.

Ribosome:

A molecular machine found on the RER that facilitates the translation of mRNA into protein.