Immunohematology

Definition

Immunohematology is the study of blood group antigens and antibodies, focusing on compatibility testing for blood transfusions and understanding immune responses to different blood types.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Blood group antigens are inherited and can cause immune reactions if mismatched during transfusions.
2. The ABO and Rh systems are the most important blood group systems in immunohematology.
3. Crossmatching tests are performed before transfusions to ensure donor-recipient compatibility.
4. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when maternal antibodies attack fetal red blood cells due to Rh incompatibility.
5. Autoantibodies can lead to autoimmune hemolytic anemia, where the body's immune system destroys its own red blood cells.

Related terms

Antigen:

A molecule or substance that triggers an immune response when detected by the body.

Antibody:

A protein produced by the immune system that binds specifically to a particular antigen.

Hemolysis:

The destruction or rupture of red blood cells, releasing hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid.